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ch 1-5 study vocab
multicultural education in a pluralistic society 9th edition
90
Education
Undergraduate 3
02/27/2013

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Term
Term 1.             Alienation—
Definition
Definition1. Estrangement or disconnected from oneself or others.
Term
Term 2.             Assimilation—
Definition
Definition2. Process by which groups adopt and change the dominant culture.
Term
Term 3.             Bi-cultural—
Definition
Definition3. The condition by which members of an oppressed group are forced to operate in the dominant culture at work and school, and in a different culture at home and in their community.
Term
Term 4.             Canon—
Definition
Definition4. The principles, rules, standards, values, or norms that guide a Western European education.
Term
Term 5.             Compensatory education—
Definition
Definition5. The provision of special services to students who have limited economic or educational advantages.
Term
Term 6.             Critical thinking—
Definition
Definition6. An effort to see an issue clearly and accurately to judge it fairly without a preset bias.
Term
Term 7.             Cultural borders—
Definition
Definition7. A boundary between groups based on cultural differences that may limit an individual’s understanding of persons from a different cultural background.
Term
Term 8.             Cultural capital—
Definition
Definition8. Endowments such as academic competence, language competence, and wealth that provide an advantage to an individual, family, or group.
Term
Term 9.             Culture
Definition
Definition9. Socially transmitted ways of thinking, believing, feeling, and acting within a group. These patterns are transmitted from one generation to the next.
Term
Term 10.          Cultural pluralism—
Definition
Definition10.                     The maintenance of cultures as parallel and equal to the dominant culture in a society.
Term
Term 11.          Curriculum—
Definition
Definition11.                     A sequence of courses offered by educational institutions.
Term
Term 12.          Democracy—
Definition
Definition12.                     A government in which power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through elected representatives.
Term
Term 13.          Discrimination—
Definition
Definition13.                     The arbitrary denial of the privileges and rewards of society to members of a group.
Term
Term 14.          Dispositions—
Definition
Definition14.                     Values, attitudes, and commitments that guide the work of teachers and other school professionals.
Term
Term 15.          Dominant group—
Definition
Definition15.                     The cultural group whose values and behaviors have been adopted by most institutions in society, such as schools. In the United States, it is the middle class, white, English-speaking, heterosexual Christian culture with its historical roots in Europe.
Term
Term 16.          Egalitarianism—
Definition
Definition16.                     A belief in social, political, and economic rights and privileges for all people.
Term
Term 17.          Enculturation—
Definition
Definition17.                     Process of acquiring the characteristics of a given culture and becoming competent in its language and ways of behaving and learning.
Term
Term 18.          Equality—
Definition
Definition18.                     State of being equal in that one cultural group is not inferior or superior to another and that all groups have access to the same benefits of society regardless of their group memberships.
Term
Term 19.          Ethnocentrism—
Definition
Definition19.                     View that one’s cultural group is superior to all others.
Term
Term 20.          Freedom—
Definition
Definition20.                     Not being unduly hampered or constrained in choice or action by others.
Term
Term 21.          Hidden curriculum—
Definition
Definition21.                     —The unwritten and informal rules that guide the expected behaviors and attitudes of students in school.
Term
Term 22.          Immigration—
Definition
Definition22.                     To enter a country in which one was not born for the purpose of becoming a permanent resident.
Term
Term 23.          Individualism—
Definition
Definition23.                     Dominant feature of western culture that stresses the rights, freedom, and importance of the individual over groups.
Term
Term 24.          Inequality—
Definition
Definition24.                     Marked distinctions in economic success, educational achievement, educational credentials, and power among groups of people.
Term
Term 25.          Involuntary immigrants—
Definition
Definition25.                     Immigrants who did not choose to emigrate from their native countries, but were forced to or conquered by the dominant group.
Term
Term 26.          Marginalization—
Definition
Definition26.                     Relegation to a position that is not part of the mainstream or accepted by most people.
Term
Term 27.          Meritocracy—
Definition
Definition27.                     A system based on the belief that an individual’s achievements are based on their own personal merits and hard work and that the people who achieve at the highest levels deserve the greatest social and financial rewards.
Term
Term 28.          Multicultural education—
Definition
Definition28.                     An educational concept that addresses cultural diversity and equity in schools. It incorporates the different cultural groups to which individuals belong, with an emphasis on the interaction of race, ethnicity, class, and gender in students’ lives.
Term
Term 29.          Multiculturalism—
Definition
Definition29.                     The condition in which different cultural groups can maintain their unique cultural identities while participating equally in the dominant culture.
Term
Term 30.          Otherness—
Definition
Definition30.                     Negative attitudes about a group of people.
Term
Term 31.          Prejudice—
Definition
Definition31.                     Cultural groups that are different than our own.
Term
Term 32.          Privilege—
Definition
Definition32.                     Advantages and power over others in society because of one’s socioeconomic status, race, native language, gender, or other group memberships.
Term
Term 33.          Proficiencies—
Definition
Definition33.                     Knowledge, skills, or dispositions that students or teachers acquire to meet standards
Term
Term 34.          Racism—
Definition
Definition34.                     The belief that one race has inherent superiority over all others and thereby has the right to dominance.
Term
Term 35.          Sexism—
Definition
Definition35.                     The conscious or unconscious belief that men are superior to women that results in behavior and action to maintain the superior, powerful position of males in society and families.
Term
Term 36.          Social justice—
Definition
Definition36.                     A philosophy that expects citizens to provide for those persons in society who are not as advantaged as others.
Term
Term 37.          Socialization—
Definition
Definition37.                     Process of learning the social norms and expectations of the culture and society.
Term
Term 38.          Stereotyped—
Definition
Definition38.                     Application of generalizations, many of which are inaccurate and negative, about a group without consideration of individual differences within the group.
Term
Term 39.          Structural assimilation—
Definition
Definition39.                     Assimilation of groups to the point that they share primary relationships, intermarry, and have equality with the dominant group.
Term
Term 40.          Subcultures—
Definition
Definition40.                     Groups within a society that are connected to cultural group memberships such as gender, sexual orientation, race, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, religion, exceptionalities, language, and age.
Term
Term 41.          Subsocieties—
Definition
Definition41.                     Groups within a society such as punk, gangs, skinheads, or hippies that have developed their own values, attitudes, and behaviors, which are different from the norm and often not acceptable to the dominant cultural group.
Term
Term 42.          Values—
Definition
Definition42.                     Qualities or principles that are considered desirable and important
Term
Term 43.          Authenticity—
Definition
Definition43.                     Relates the curriculum and activities to real-world applications with meaning in the lives of students.
Term
Term 44.          Authoritarian—
Definition
Definition44.                     The concentration of power in one figure, usually the teacher or principal in schools.
Term
Term 45.          Blue-collar—
Definition
Definition45.                     Jobs or workers characterized by manual labor that is usually mechanical and routine.
Term
Term 46.          Class
Definition
Definition46.                     A group sharing the same economic and social status.
Term
Term 47.          Classism—
Definition
Definition47.                     The view that one’s class level (e.g., middle class or upper class) makes one superior to members of classes perceived below one’s own.
Term
Term 48.          Income—
Definition
Definition48.                     Amount of money earned in wages or salaries.
Term
Term 49.          McKinney-Vento Homeless Assistance Act—
Definition
Definition49.                     The federal legislation that outlined the education rights and protections for homeless children and youth.
Term
Term 50.          Median income—
Definition
Definition50.                     The number of persons, families, or households who earn more than this income is the same as the number who earn less than this income.
Term
Term 51.          Middle class—
Definition
Definition51.                     Group whose members earn annual incomes that allow them to have a standard of living that includes owning a home and car. Members are blue-collar workers, white-collar workers, professionals, and managers.
Term
Term 52.          Net worth—
Definition
Definition52.                     Amount of money remaining if all owned property was converted to cash and all debts were paid.
Term
Term 53.          Self-fulfilling prophecy—
Definition
Definition53.                     A teacher’s prediction of a student’s academic achievement that becomes true as the student progresses through the education process. These projects are often based on socioeconomic, social, and cultural factors that lead to placement in an academic track which may or may not match his or her academic potential.
Term
Term 54.          Social stratification—
Definition
Definition54.                     Ranking of persons and families based on specific characteristics such as income, education, occupation, wealth, and power.
Term
Term 55.          Socioeconomic status—
Definition
Definition55.                     Composite of the economic status of families or persons on the basis of occupation, educational attainment, income, and wealth.
Term
Term 56.          Upper class—
Definition
Definition56.                     Group whose members earn the highest annual incomes and have the greatest wealth.
Term
Term 57.          Upper middle class—
Definition
Definition57.                     Group whose members are the affluent middle class who are highly educated professionals, managers, and administrators.
Term
Term 58.          Wealth—
Definition
Definition58.                     Accumulated money and property such as stocks, homes, and cars that can be turned into money.
Term
Term 59.          White-collar—
Definition
Definition59.                     Jobs or workers characterized by non-manual labor in offices, retail stores, and sales.
Term
Term 60.          Working class—
Definition
Definition60.                     Group whose members hold manual jobs that do not generally require postsecondary education, except for the more skilled jobs.
Term
Term 61.          Cooperative learning—
Definition
Definition61.                     Strategy for grouping students to work together on a project or activity to support and learn from each other.
Term
Term 62.          Deductive—
Definition
Definition62.                     A way of thinking and reasoning that begins with general principles to reach conclusions about particular details
Term
Term 63.          Feminists—
Definition
Definition63.                     Persons who actively support the rights of women.
Term
Term 64.          Gender—
Definition
Definition64.                     The characteristics associated with femininity and masculinity as determined by culture.
Term
Term 65.          Inductive—
Definition
Definition65.                     A way of thinking and reasoning that begins with specific facts or details to reach a general conclusion.
Term
Term 66.          Nonsexist education—
Definition
Definition66.                     Education that attends to the needs of girls and boys equitably by incorporating females as well as males in the curriculum, ensuring that girls and boys achieve at the same levels in all subjects, and encouraging girls and boys to choose subjects which they traditionally would not have selected.
Term
Term 67.          Patriarchal—
Definition
Definition67.                     Social organization in which the father controls the family, and the wife and children are legally dependent on him. It also refers to men having a disproportionately large share of power in society.
Term
Term 68.          Sexism
Definition
Definition68.                     The conscious or unconscious belief that men are superior to women that results in behavior and action to maintain the superior, powerful position of males in society and families.
Term
Term 69.          Sexual abuse—
Definition
Definition69.                     Sexual activity among males and females or the same sex that is unwelcome. The abuse can be among peers or adults involved with children or underage adolescents.
Term
Term 70.          Sexual harassment—
Definition
Definition70.                     Unwanted and unwelcome sexual behavior that includes verbal, visual, or physical abuse that interferes with the victim’s life.
Term
Term 71.          Title IX—
Definition
Definition71.                     Legislation passed by Congress in 1972 to provide females equal access to all aspects of education, including the curriculum and athletics.
Term
Term 72.          Bisexual—
Definition
Definition72.                     Sexual attraction to both the same sex and opposite sex.
Term
Term 73.          Gay—
Definition
Definition73.                     Males who are sexually attracted to other males. The term is sometimes used to refer to all homosexual.
Term
Term 74.          Gay-straight alliance (GSA)
Definition
Definition74.                     A student-initiated club of LGBTQ and straight students that provides a safe place for students to discuss issues and meet others with similar interests.
Term
Term 75.          Heteronormativity
Definition
Definition75.                     The assumption that heterosexuality is normal and any other sexual identity is abnormal.
Term
Term 76.          Heterosexism
Definition
Definition76.                     An irrational fear of or aversion to homosexuals that leads to prejudice, discrimination, and sometimes violence against gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and transgendered persons. Although heterosexism is the more accurate term, homophobia is more commonly used.
Term
Term 77.          Heterosexual —
Definition
Definition77.                     Sexual attraction to persons of the opposite sex.
Term
Term 78.          Homophobia—
Definition
Definition78.                     An irrational fear of or aversion to homosexuals that leads to prejudice, discrimination, and sometimes violence against gays, lesbians, bisexuals, and transgendered persons.
Term
Term 79.          Homosexual—
Definition
Definition79.                     Sexual attraction to persons of the same sex.
Term
Term 80.          Intersex—
Definition
Definition80.                     Persons born with sexual organs of both men and women.
Term
Term 81.          Lesbian —
Definition
Definition81.                     Women who are sexually attracted to other women.
Term
Term 82.          LGBT—
Definition
Definition82.                     Lesbian, gay, bisexual, or transgender.
Term
Term 83.          LGBTIQ—
Definition
Definition83.                     Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex, or queer/questioning.
Term
Term 84.          LGBTQ—
Definition
Definition84.                     Theory that challenges categories of man/woman and gay/straight
Term
Term 85.          Queer Theory
Definition
Definition85.                     Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer/questioning.
Term
Term 86.          Sexual Identity
Definition
Definition86.                     The sexual orientation with which one identifies.
Term
Term 87.          Sexual orientation
Definition
Definition87.                     One’s sexual attraction to persons of the same or opposite sex or both sexes.
Term
Term 88.          Transgender
Definition
Defintion 88.                       Persons who have a psychological sense that their gender does not match their biological sex.
Term
Term 89.          Transvestites
Definition
Defintion89.                       Persons, especially males, who adopt the dress and behaviors of the opposite sex.
Term
Term 90.          Transsexuals
Definition
Defintion90.                       Persons who have surgically changed their genitals and characteristics to match their gender identity.
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