Term
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Definition
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Term
| It brings in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide. |
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Definition
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Term
| The primary waste product of oxygen metabolism. |
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Definition
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Term
| How long can the brain survive without oxygen? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are among the most crucial skills for a paramedic? |
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Definition
Basic airway management techniques, BLS before ALS.
p712 |
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Term
| What kind of airway management approach should be performed in the field? |
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Definition
"Basic-to-Advance" approach
p712 |
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Term
| In what order should airway techniques be preformed? |
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Definition
Opening and maintaing a patent airway, recognizing and treating airway obstructions, assessing a patients ventilation and oxygen status, administering supplemental oxygen, and providing ventilatory assistance.
p712 |
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Term
| The diaphragm, intercostal muscles, accessory muscles of breathing, and the nerves from the brain and spinal cord to these muscles are structures that help what? |
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Definition
Structures that help us breath
p712 |
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Term
| The movement of air into and out of the lungs. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is responsible for the regular rise and fall of the chest that accompany normal breathing? |
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Definition
The diaphragm and intercostal muscles.
p712 |
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Term
| Consists of all anatomic structures above the level of the vocal cords-the nose, mouth, jaw, oral cavity, and pharynx(throat). |
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Definition
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Term
| What is considered the point of division between the upper and lower airways? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the major function of the upper airway? |
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Definition
To warm,filter,and humidify air as it enters the body through the nose and mouth.
p712 |
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Term
| What function is accomplished by as the air picks up moisture from the soft tissues of the airway? |
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Definition
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Term
| A muscular tube that extends from the nose and mouth to the level of the esophagus and trachea. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _________ is composed of the nasopharynx, oropharynx, and the laryngopharynx. |
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Definition
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Term
| The hypopharynx is also called? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ___________ is the lowest portion of the pharynx; it opens into the larynx anteriorly and the esophagus posteriorly. |
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Definition
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Term
| On inhalation, air normally enters the body through the nose and passes into the ______, which is formed by the union of the facial bones. |
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Definition
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Term
| What keeps out dust and other small particles out of the respiratory tract? |
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Definition
Ciliated mucous membrane
p713 |
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Term
| Three bony shelves, called _______, protrude from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity and extend into the nasal passageway, parallel to the nasal floor. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ________ increase the surface area of the nasal mucosa, thereby improving the processes of warming, filtering, and humidification of inhaled air. |
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Definition
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Term
| A rigid partition of the ethmoid and vomer bones and cartilage. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the paranasal sinuses? |
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Definition
Frontal and maxillary sinuses
p713 |
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Term
| Which sinuses prevent contaminates from entering the respiratory tract and act as tributaries for fluid to and from the eustachian tubes and tear ducts? |
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Definition
Paranasal sinuses(frontal and maxillary sinuses)
p713 |
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Term
| CSF leaking from the nose. |
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Definition
Cerebrospinal rhinorrhea
p713 |
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Term
| CSF leaking from the ears. |
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Definition
Cerebrospinal otorrhea
p713 |
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Term
| What could cause CSF to leak from the nose or ears? |
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Definition
Fractures of the bones that comprise the sinuses.
p713 |
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Term
| CSF may drain down the posterior nasopharynx down the pt's throat, causing what? |
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Definition
A salty taste in the mouth.
p714 |
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Term
| The ___________ forms the posterior portion of the oral cavity. |
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Definition
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Term
| Bordered superiorly by the hard and soft palates, laterally by the cheeks, and inferiorly by the tongue. |
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Definition
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Term
| How many teeth do adults have? |
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Definition
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Term
| The entry of fluids or solids into the trachea, bronchi, and lungs. |
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Definition
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Term
| A small, horseshoe shaped bone to which the jaw, epiglottis, and thyroid cartilage attach. Also the tongue. |
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Definition
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Term
| The ________ is a large muscle attached to the mandible and the hyoid bone. |
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Definition
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Term
| From an airway perspective, the most important anatomic consideration regarding the ___________ is its tendency to fall back and occlude the posterior pharynx when the mandible relaxes. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cause of anatomic upper airway obstruction? |
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Definition
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Term
| The _________ forms the roof of the mouth and separates the oropharynx and nasopharynx. |
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Definition
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Term
| The anterior portion of the palate, which is formed by the maxilla and palatine bones is called? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which palate is posterior to the hard palate? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ____________, the posterior border of the oral cavity, is an extension of the soft palate. |
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Definition
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Term
| A soft tissue structure that resembles a punching bag, it extends into the palatoglossal arch at the base of the tongue in the posterior aspect of the oral cavity. |
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Definition
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Term
| The entrance to the throat, or pharynx. |
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Definition
Palatopharyngeal arch
p714 |
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Term
| Paired lymphatic tissues that lie on the lateral walls of the palatoglossal arch and anterior to the palatopharyngeal arch. |
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Definition
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Term
| The pharyngeal tonsil, also know as _________, is located on the posterior nasopharyngeal wall. |
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Definition
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Term
| The lingual tonsils are located where? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the lower airway? |
|
Definition
Exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide
p715 |
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Term
| Externally, where does the lower airway extend to? |
|
Definition
The 4th cervical vertebra to the xiphoid process.
p715 |
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Term
| Internally, where does the lower airway extend to? |
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Definition
Glottis to the pulmonary capillary membrane.
p715 |
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Term
| A complex structure formed by many independent cartilaginous structures that all work together. |
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Definition
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Term
| A shield shaped structure formed by 2 plates that join in "V" shape anteriorly to form the laryngeal prominence known as the Adam's apple. |
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Definition
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Term
| Forms the lowest portion of the larynx; also called the the cricoid ring; the first ring of the trachea and the only upper airway structure that forms a complete ring. |
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Definition
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Term
| A thin, superficial membrane located between the thyroid and cricoid cartilage that is relatively avascular and contains few nerves; the site for emergency surgical and nonsurgical access to the airway. |
|
Definition
Cricothyroid Membrane
p715 |
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Term
| The space between the vocal cords and the narrowest portion of the adult airway. |
|
Definition
Glottis(also called the glottic opening)
p715 |
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Term
| White bands of tough tissue that are the lateral borders of the glottis. |
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Definition
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Term
| A leaf-shaped cartilaginous structure that closes over the trachea during swallowing. |
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Definition
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Term
| The attachment of the thyroid cartilage to the epiglottis. |
|
Definition
Thyroepiglottic ligament
p715 |
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Term
| The ligament between the tongue and epiglottis. Epiglottis attached to the base of the tongue by ________. |
|
Definition
Glossoepiglottic ligament
p715 |
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Term
| The ligament between the hyoid bone and the epiglottis. |
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Definition
Hyoepiglottic Ligament
p715 |
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Term
| States that the pressure of a gas is porportional to its volume. |
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Definition
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Term
| States that the amount of a gas in a solution varies directly with the partial pressure of a gas over ther solution. |
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Definition
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Term
| A protective mechanism that terminates inhalation, thus preventing overexpansion of the lungs. |
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Definition
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Term
| The amount of air that can be inhaled in addition to the normal tidal volume. |
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Definition
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Term
| Is the anatomic space, or "pocket", is located between the base of the tongue and the epiglottis. |
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Definition
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Term
| Are pyramidlike cartilaginous structures that form the posterior attachment of the vocal cords; they are valuable guides for et intubation. |
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Definition
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Term
| Are two pockets of tissue on the lateral borders of the larynx. Airway devices are occasionally inadvertently inserted into thes pockets, resulting in a tenting of the skin under the jaw. |
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Definition
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Term
| When the airway is stimulated(such as aspiration of forgien material or submersion incident), defensive reflexes cause a _______, spasmodic closure of the vocal cords, which seals off the airway. |
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Definition
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Term
| The conduit for all entry into the lungs; a tubular structure that is approx. 10-12 cm long and composed of a series of C-shaped cartilaginous rings; also called the windpipe. |
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Definition
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Term
| The main branches of the trachea; subdivide into smaller bronchi and bronchioles that conduct air into and out of the lungs. |
|
Definition
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Term
| A ridge like projection of tracheal cartilage located where the trachea bifurates into the right and left mainstem bronchi. Located approx.at the level of the sternal angle of Louis. |
|
Definition
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Term
| Mucous-producing cells found mainly in the respiratory and intestinal tracts. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Mucous-producing cells found mainly in the respiratory and intestinal tracts. |
|
Definition
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Term
| The point of entry of blood vessels, nerves, and bronchi into each lung. |
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Definition
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Term
| The thin membrane that covers the lungs. Outer |
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Definition
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Term
| Thin membrane that covers the chest cavity. |
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Definition
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Term
| The subdivision of smaller bronchi in the lungs; made of smooth muscle and dilate or constrict in response to various stimuli. |
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Definition
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Term
| Balloonlike clusters of single-layer air sacsthat are the functional site of for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| How does the exchange occur with oxygen and co2 in the lungs? |
|
Definition
Occurs by simple diffusion between the alveoli and pulmonary cappillaries.
p716 |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The "active" muscular part of breathing. |
|
Definition
Inhalation(also called inspiration)
p717 |
|
|
Term
| States that the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| During _______, the diaphragm and intercostal muscles contact. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| When the ______ contracts, it descends and enlarges the thoracic cage from top to bottom. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| When the _______ contract, they lift the ribs up and out. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Drawing of air into the lungs; air flow from a region of highr pressure(outside the body) to a region of lower pressure(The Lungs); occurs during normal unassisted breathing |
|
Definition
Negative-Pressure Ventilation
p719 |
|
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Term
| The amount of gas in air or dissolved in fluid, such as the blood; measured in milimeters of mercury(mmHg) or torr. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A law of gas that states that the amount of a gas in a solution varies directly with the partial pressure of a gas over the solution. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A portion of the medulla oblongota where the primary respiratory pacemaker is located. |
|
Definition
Dorsal Respiratory Group
p721 |
|
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Term
| A portion of the medulla oblongota where the primary respiratory pacemaker is located. |
|
Definition
Dorsal Respiratory Group
p721 |
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|
Term
| A portion of the medulla oblongota that is responsible for modulating breathing during speech. |
|
Definition
Ventral Respiratory Group
p721 |
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|
Term
| The normal stimulus to breath; based on fluctuations in Paco2 and pH of th CSF. |
|
Definition
Primary Respiratory Drive
p721 |
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|
Term
| The normal stimulus to breath; based on fluctuations in Paco2 and pH of th CSF. |
|
Definition
Primary Respiratory Drive
p721 |
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|
Term
| Secondary control of breathing that stimulates breathing based on decreased Pao2 levels."Back-up system" to control breathing, with patients with end-stage COPD. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Secondary control of breathing that stimulates breathing based on decreased Pao2 levels."Back-up system" to control breathing, with patients with end-stage COPD. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Increased carbon dioxide content in arterial blood. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Bypassing of oxygen poor blood past nonfunctional alveoli. |
|
Definition
Intrapulmonary Shunting
p727 |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Skin pulling between and around the ribs during inhalation; a sign of respiratory distress. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A drop in the systolic blood pressure of 10mmhg or more; commonly seen in patients with pericardial tamponade or sever asthma. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A drop in the systolic blood pressure of 10mmhg or more; commonly seen in patients with pericardial tamponade or sever asthma. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A high-pitched whistling sound that may be heard on inspiration,expiration, or both; indicates air movement through a constricted lower airway, as with asthma. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A continuous, low pitched sound; indicates mucus or fluid in the larger lower airways.(As in pulmonary edema and bronchitis) |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The breath sounds produced as fluid filled alveoli pop open under increasing inspiratory pressure; can be fine or coarse; formaly called rales. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| A high-pitched inspiratory sound representing air moving past an obstruction within or immediatley above the glottic opening. |
|
Definition
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