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| a trace of a long dead organism |
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| states that successive layers of rock or soil were deposited on top of one another by wind H2O |
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| existed for a while then disappeared |
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| brief periods during which large numbers of species disappeared |
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| the study of the geographical distribution of fossils and of living organisms |
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| organisms best suited to their environment reproduce more successfully |
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| changing to suit environment |
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| a single organisms genetic contribution to next generation |
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| similar features that originated in a shared ancestor |
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| severe identical functions and look somewhat similar |
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| functionless structure that was functional in an ancestral species |
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| the change in two or more species in close association with eachother |
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| organisms that appear to be very similar but aren't related at all |
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| two or more related populations that become more and more dissimilar |
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| related species evolve from a single ancestral species |
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| artificial speed up of divergence |
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| the study of genetics points of view |
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| the total genetic information available in population |
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| Hardy- Weinberg Genetic Equilibrium |
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| based on a set of assumptions about an ideal hypothetical pop. that's not evolving |
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| the phenomenon by which allele frequencies in a population change as a result of random events |
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| the formation of a new species |
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| the study of the internal and external structure and appearance of an organism |
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| the physical separation of members of a population |
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| the study of the interactions between organisms and the living and nonliving components of their environment |
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| the thin volume of earth and its atmosphere that supports life |
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| smaller units in biosphere, includes all organisms and the nonliving environment found in a particular place |
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| all the interacting organisms living in an area |
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| all the members of a species that live in one place at the same time |
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| all organisms interact with other organisms in their surroundings and with the nonliving things in their environment |
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| measures how crowded a population is |
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| the spatial distribution of individuals within the population |
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| the amount by which a population's size changes in a given time |
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| describes a population that increases rapidly after only a few generations |
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| the larger a population gets, the faster it grows |
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| a factor that restrains the growth of a population |
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| builds on the exponential model but accounts for the influence of limiting factors |
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| the number of individuals the environment can support over a long period of time |
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| when a population size is at its carrying capacity, the birth rate equals the death rate and growth stops |
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| density-independent factors |
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| two kinds of limiting factors which control population size such as weather, floods, and fires |
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| resource limitations, such as food shortages, are brought on by population growth |
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