Term
| What is the palpebral fisssure? |
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Definition
| The open space between eyelids |
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Term
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Definition
| Border between cornea and sclera |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Define tarsal plates and what do they contain? |
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Definition
| strips of connective tissue giving eye shape, holds meibomian glands |
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Term
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Definition
| modified sebaceous glands that stops tears from overflowing, keeps eye airtight when closed |
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Term
| Function of palpebral conjunctiva? |
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Definition
| Lines lids with small blood vessels |
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Term
| Function of bulbar conjunctiva? |
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Definition
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Term
| Function of lacrimal appartus? |
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Definition
| Provide constant irrigation |
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Term
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Definition
| visible on upper/lower lids on inner canthus, drain tears into nasolacrimal sac |
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Term
| What direction are rectus muscles, how many? |
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Definition
| 4- superior, inferior, medial, lateral, straight |
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Term
| What direction are oblique muscles, how many? |
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Definition
| 2- supeior and inferior, slanting |
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Term
| Define conjugate movement? |
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Definition
| axes of eyes always move in paralell |
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Term
| What nerve innervates the lateral rectus muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the lateral rectus muscle do? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nerve innervates the superior oblique muscle? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is an image actually seen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define a direct light reflex? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define a consensual light reflex? |
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Definition
| simulatneous constriction of other pupil |
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Term
| Macula in infant at birth, 4 and 8 months? |
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Definition
| absent, developing, mature |
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Term
| Binocular vision established? |
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Definition
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Term
| When does eyeball reach adult size? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define presbyopia, seen when? |
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Definition
| age related loss of vision, 40 years |
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Term
| Define nuclear sclerosis, seen when? |
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Definition
| lens thickens and yellows, start of cataract, 70 yrs |
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Term
| 3 most common causes of loss of vision in aging population? |
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Definition
| cataracts, glaucoma, macular degeneration |
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Term
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Definition
| debris in vitreous, not reneweed like aqueous |
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Term
| Type of glaucoma in blacks? |
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Definition
| primary open angle glaucoma |
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Term
| Leading causes (2) of blindess in whites over 40? |
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Definition
| macular degeneration then cataracts |
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Term
| Leading cause of blindess (2) in blacks over 40? |
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Definition
| cataracts and open angle glaucoma |
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Term
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Definition
| condensed vitreous fibers |
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Term
| Visual disturbance seen with narrow angle glaucoma? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define scotoma and its cause? |
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Definition
| blind spot in visual field surronded by normal or decreased vision, glaucoma |
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Term
| what vitamin deficiency causes night blindness? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| numerator: distance from chart, denominator:nomral distance to be read at |
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Term
| For near vision or people over 40 years of age, how to test vision? |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the confrontation test do? |
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Definition
| Tests for periphral vision |
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Term
| How do you perform confrontation? |
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Definition
| Stand 2 feet away, cover their eye with card, bring finger down and instruct them to say when they see, it should be same for you |
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Term
| what is the hirschberg test? |
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Definition
| tests for paralell alignment of the eye axes by shining light (corneal light reflex) |
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Term
| How to perform hirschberg test? |
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Definition
| stare straight ahead, shine light 12 inches away, reflection in both corneas should be in same spot in each eye |
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Term
| Abnormal hirschberg test indications? |
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Definition
| Abnormal is if reflection not in same spot, perform cover test, there is deviation in aligment in each eye |
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Term
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Definition
| mild weakness noted only when fusion is blocked |
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Term
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Definition
| constant malalignment of the eyes |
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Term
| What does the cover test detect? |
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Definition
| small degress of deviated alignment By interrupting the fusion reflext that keeps two eyes paralell |
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Term
| How to perform the cover test? |
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Definition
| tell them to look straight, cover one eye, normal is a steady fixed gaze in uncovered eye |
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Term
| What does the diagnositic positions test do? |
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Definition
| assess for problems with EOM or cranial nerve innervating it |
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Term
| How to perofr diagnostic positions test? |
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Definition
| have patient follow object through the six cardinal positions |
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Term
| Define lid lag and what condition do you see it in? |
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Definition
| If looking down upper eyelid should overlap superior part of iris, hyperthyoridism |
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Term
| Condition with loss of lateral third of brow? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| how do you check the conjunctiva and sclera? |
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Definition
| ask them to look up and pull down on cheeks to see under iris |
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Term
| What does scleral icterus look like? |
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Definition
| even yellowing of skin, extending up to cornea |
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Term
| When should you use eversion of the upper lid? |
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Definition
| When you suspect foreign body |
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Term
| What does a corneal abrasion look like? |
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Definition
| irregualr ridges in reflected light, producing a shattered look to light rays |
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Term
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Definition
| 5% of people, pupils with two different izes |
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Term
| Regualar resting size of pupils? |
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Definition
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Term
| Define direct light reflex? |
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Definition
| constriction of same sided pupil with light |
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Term
| Define a consensual light reflex? |
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Definition
| simulataneous constriction of of the other pupil |
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Term
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Definition
| Right side, 3mm dilated and 1mm constricted etc |
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Term
| Normal response to accomadation? |
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Definition
| Pupillary constriction to near objects and dilation to far away objects with a convergent axis in both eyes |
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Term
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Definition
| Pupils equal round reactive to light and accomadation |
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Term
| How do you inspect the ocular fundus? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| positive and focus on onjects near to the opthalamscope |
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Term
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Definition
| negative and focus on objects away from the opthalamscope |
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Term
| How do you hold the opthalamscope when looking? |
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Definition
| In your right hand, in your right eye, at the right eye of the patient at 10 inches away |
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Term
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Definition
| red reflection in pupil due to light off the inner retina |
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Term
| What is an abnormal red reflex? |
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Definition
| dark shadows or black dots interrupting the red reflex |
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Term
| Define myopia sight and shape? |
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Definition
| nearsighted, globe is longer than normal |
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Term
| What dioper do you use for myopia? |
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Definition
| negative dioper or concave lens |
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Term
| Define hyperopia size and sight? |
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Definition
| globe is shorter than normal, farsighted |
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Term
| what dioper do you use for hyperopia? |
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Definition
| Positive or convex lens (black) |
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Term
| What color should the optic disc be? |
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Definition
| creamy yellow-orange to pink |
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Term
| What is a scleral crescent and its cause? |
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Definition
| gray white new moon shape, occurs when pigment is absent in the choroid layer and you look direct at sclera |
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Term
| what is a pigment cresent? |
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Definition
| Black, due to accumulation fo pigment in the choroid |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| How big should the macula be? |
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Definition
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Term
| How to perform light perception test in infants? |
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Definition
| just shine bright light, will blink |
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Term
| What does no light reflex after 3 week in infant mean? |
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Definition
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Term
| Vision at birth to 2 weeks? |
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Definition
| refusal to open eyes post exposure to bright light, increaing alertness to object, may fixate |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Fixate and follow a light |
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Term
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Definition
| Fixate, follow, and reach for toy |
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Term
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Definition
| Fixate and follow toy in all directions |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Normal result for allen test? |
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Definition
| correct id of 3 of 7 cards within 3-5 trials at 15 feet |
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Term
| What test for vision at 2.5 years to 2 years 11 months? |
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Definition
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Term
| What test for 3-6 years of age? |
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Definition
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Term
| When to use standard snellen chart? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is color blindess passed genetically? |
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Definition
| inhertied recessive x linked trait |
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Term
| When do you test for color blindness? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do you need to test for stabismus before 6 years? |
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Definition
| lazy eye, poor prognosis post 6 years |
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Term
| What tests do you do for stabismus? |
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Definition
| cover test and corneal light reflex |
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Term
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Definition
| a turning inward of the eyelid, normal is some asians |
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Term
| Lacrimal glands at birth? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Define brushfields spots, what may they indicate? |
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Definition
| white specks around the iris, may indicate down syndrome |
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Term
| When should you performa fundascopic exam of an infant? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Define pingueculae, what causes it? |
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Definition
| yellowish elevated nodules, thickening of bulbar conjunctiva from prolonbed exposure to sun, wind, dust |
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Term
| Where do you see pingueculae appear? |
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Definition
| 3 and 9 oclock on nasal side to temporal side |
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Term
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Definition
| opacity of bulbar conjunctiva that grows over the cornea |
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Term
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Definition
| gray or white arc around the limbus due to deposition of lipids, no effect on vision |
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Term
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Definition
| soft, raised yellow plaques occuring on the lids of the innter canthus, normal in both HTN and non HTN people, women mostly |
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Term
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Definition
| benign degenerative hyaline deposits on retina, seen with opthalamscope, no pattern, no effect on vision |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| large spacing between eyes (down syndrome) |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the eyelids |
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Term
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Definition
| nodule on lid due to infection of meibomina gland , freely movable |
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Term
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Definition
| stye, usually on lower lid, staph |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation fo the lacrimal sac |
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Term
| What does basal cell carcinoma look like near eyes? |
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Definition
| papule with ulcerated center |
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Term
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Definition
| inflammation of the lacrimal gland |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What substances cause miosis? |
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Definition
| nacrotics, glaucoma drops, brain damage of pons |
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Term
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Definition
| Dilated and fixed pupils. |
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Term
| Define argyll robertson pupil? |
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Definition
| no reaction to light, small and irregular bilaterally, usually syphilis, alcoholism, meningitis |
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Term
|
Definition
| tonic pupil, sluggish to light and accomdation, large regular pupil does not react |
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Term
| Define horner's syndrome? |
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Definition
| Unilateral small regular pupil non reactive to light and accomdation, lesion of sympathetic nerve, ptosis and sweat are absent on same side |
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Term
|
Definition
| blood in anterior chamber |
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Term
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Definition
| purulent matter in anterio chamber |
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Term
| Define nuculear cataract? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Define cotrical cataract? |
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Definition
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