Term
| average timespan of bipolar disorder before people get proper treatment? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is bipolar disorder? |
|
Definition
| Bipolar disorder is marked by shifts in mood, energy, and ability to function. The course of the illness is variable, and symptoms range from severe mania—an exaggerated euphoria or irritability—to severe depression |
|
|
Term
| what is the suicide rate for bipolar disorder? |
|
Definition
| 20% of deaths are from suicide |
|
|
Term
| what is bipolar 1 disorder? |
|
Definition
| At least one episode of mania alternates with major depression. Psychosis may accompany the manic episode. |
|
|
Term
| what is bipolar 2 disorder? |
|
Definition
| Hypomanic episode(s) alternate with major depression. Psychosis is not present in bipolar II. The hypomania of bipolar II disorder tends to be euphoric and often increases functioning (Benazzi, 2007), and the depression tends to put people at particular risk for suicide. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Hypomanic episodes alternate with minor depressive episodes (at least 2 years in duration). Individuals with cyclothymia tend to have irritable hypomanic episodes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| (four or more mood episodes in a 12-month period) |
|
|
Term
what is The lifetime prevalence, or the percentage of the population that has ever experienced bipolar disorder in the United States.
What is the lifetime risk? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| median age for onset of bipolar 1 and bipolar 2 disorders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which disorder is more common among females? among males? |
|
Definition
females - bipolar 2
males - bipolar 1 |
|
|
Term
| what is the comorbidity with bipolar disorders? |
|
Definition
| 50% of bipolar people have other diseases |
|
|
Term
| 2 etiologies of bipolar disorders |
|
Definition
genetic and environmental.
if you have a genetic predisposition to BPD and have enough stressful events, you can trigger it. |
|
|
Term
| 4 main characteristics of mania to observe while doing general assessment? |
|
Definition
| 1) mood, (2) behavior, (3) thought processes and speech patterns, and (4) cognitive function. |
|
|
Term
| What is a nearly continuous flow of accelerated speech with abrupt changes from topic to topic that are usually based on understandable associations or plays on words. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflated self-regard) is apparent in both the ideas expressed and the person's behavior. People with mania may exaggerate their achievements or importance, state that they know famous people, or believe they have great powers. |
|
|
Term
| name the 3 phases of recovery |
|
Definition
| acute, continuation,maintenance |
|
|
Term
| what is the main nursing outcome for the acute phase of mania? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name some nursing outcomes related to the acute phase of mania |
|
Definition
• Be well hydrated.
• Maintain stable cardiac status.
• Maintain/obtain tissue integrity.
• Get sufficient sleep and rest.
• Demonstrate thought self-control.
• Make no attempt at self-harm. |
|
|
Term
| what is the key nursing outcome in the continuation phase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the main nursing outcome in the maintenance phase? |
|
Definition
| prevention of relapse and reduction of the severity of future episodes |
|
|
Term
| the main focus of nursing in the acute phase of mania is? |
|
Definition
| Nursing care is geared toward managing medications, decreasing physical activity, increasing food and fluid intake, ensuring at least 4 to 6 hours of sleep per night, alleviating any bowel or bladder problems, and intervening to see that self-care needs are met. |
|
|
Term
| for individuals with bipolar disorder polypharmacy is often required. Lithium or Depakote is often prescribed with what type of medication? |
|
Definition
| antipsychotics like zyprexia or risperdal. |
|
|
Term
| Lithium is an effective treatment of which bipolar disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lithium can control 80% of acute manic episodes in about how long? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lithium effectively reduces which symptoms of mania? |
|
Definition
Elation, grandiosity, and expansiveness
• Flight of ideas
• Irritability and manipulation
• Anxiety |
|
|
Term
| It takes about how long to reach therapeutic levels of lithium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why are antipsychotics given with lithium? |
|
Definition
| to help reduce symptoms of mania until lithium can take effect. |
|
|
Term
| what can happen if mania is not treated? |
|
Definition
| severe exhaustion, coronary collapse, and death |
|
|
Term
| theraputic levels of lithium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| early toxic levels of lithium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Severe toxic levels of lithium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Treatments for lithium toxicity? |
|
Definition
stop taking it.
Gastric lavage and treatment with urea, mannitol, and aminophylline can hasten lithium excretion. |
|
|
Term
| how is lithium administered? |
|
Definition
| in low doses, gradually increasing until theraputic levels are reached |
|
|
Term
| expected side effects of lithium in theraputic range? |
|
Definition
Fine hand tremor, polyuria, and mild thirst
Mild nausea and general discomfort
Weight gain |
|
|
Term
| early toxicity side effects of lithium? |
|
Definition
| Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, thirst, polyuria, lethargy, slurred speech, muscle weakness, and fine hand tremor |
|
|
Term
| severe toxicity side effects of lithium? |
|
Definition
| Ataxia, confusion, large output of dilute urine, serious electroencephalographic changes, blurred vision, clonic movements, seizures, stupor, severe hypotension, coma; death is usually secondary to pulmonary complications.Convulsions, oliguria, and death can occur. |
|
|
Term
| contraindications for lithium? |
|
Definition
low renal function.
hypothyroidism.
pregnant
CVD, MG, brain damage. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| first choice for lithium non-responders? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| choice of meds for a patient with rapid cycling.. severly paranoid, and angry manics? |
|
Definition
| carbamazepine (Tegretol) and either lithium or an antipsychotic. |
|
|
Term
| Lamotrigine (Lamictal) is a first line treatment for |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lamotrigine (Lamictal)'s serious but rare alergic reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Klonopin and Ativan are what types of drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Zyprexa and Risperdal are what type of drugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| patients that are treatment resistant to mania drugs may undergo what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
1. Which behavior exhibited by a patient with mania should the nurse choose to address first?
1. Indiscriminate sexual relations
2. Excessive spending of money
3. Declaration of “being at one with the world”
4. Demonstration of flight of ideas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2. The nurse is caring for a patient experiencing mania. Which is the most appropriate nursing intervention?
1. Provide consistency among staff members when working with the patient.
2. Negotiate limits so the patient has a voice in the plan of care.
3. Allow only certain staff members to interact with the patient.
4. Attempt to control the patient's emotions. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3. The nurse is planning care for a patient experiencing the acute phase of mania. Which is the priority intervention?
1. Prevent injury.
2. Maintain stable cardiac status.
3. Get the patient to demonstrate thought self-control.
4. Ensure that the patient gets sufficient sleep and rest. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
4. What critical information should the nurse provide about the use of lithium?
1. “You will still have hypersexual tendencies, so be certain to use protection when engaging in intercourse.”
2. “Lithium will help you to only feel the euphoria of mania but not the anxiety.”
3. “It will take 1 to 2 weeks and maybe longer for this medication to start working fully.”
4. “This medication is a cure for bipolar disorder.” |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
5. The nurse has provided education for a patient in the continuation phase after discharge from the hospital. What indicates that the plan of care has been successful? Select all that apply.
1. Patient identifies three signs and symptoms of relapse.
2. Patient states, “My wife doesn't mind if I still drink a little.”
3. Patient describes the purpose of each medication he has been prescribed.
4. Patient states, “I no longer have a disease.”
5. Patient identifies two ways to problem-solve a specific situation. |
|
Definition
|
|
