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| The study of how people think about, influence, and relate to other people |
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| A generalization about a group's characteristics that does not consider any variations from one individual to another |
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| The view that people are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior as part of their effort to make sense of the behavior |
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| Fundamental attribution error |
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| Observers' overestimation of the importance of internal traits and underestimation of the importance of external situations when they seek explanations of an actor's behavior |
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| Observers' overestimation of the degree to which everybody else thinks of acts the way they do |
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| Positive view of the self that are not necessarily rooted in reality |
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| The tendency to take credit for our successes and to deny reponsibility for our failures |
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| The tendency to see oneself primarily as an object in the eyes of others |
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| The process by which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to other people |
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| Our feelings, opinions, and beliefs about people, objects, and ideas |
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| An individual's psychological discomfort caused by two inconsistent thoughts |
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| Bem's theory on how behaviors influence attitudes, stating that individuals make inferences about their attitudes by perceiving their behavior |
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| Elaboration Likelihood Model |
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| Theory indentifying two ways to persuade: a central route and a peripheral route |
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| Unselfish interest in helping another person |
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| Giving to another person to ensure reciprocity; to gain self esteem; to present onself as powerful, competent, or caring; or to avoid censure from oneself and others for failing to live up to society's expectations |
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| A feeling of oneness with the emotional state of another person |
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| The tendency of an indivdual who observes an emergency to help less when other people are present than when the obserever is alone |
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| Social behavior whose objective is to harm someone, either physically or verbally |
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| A change in a person's behavior to coincide more closely with a group standard |
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| Inforamtional Social Influence |
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| The infulence other people have on us because we want to be right |
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| Normative Social Influence |
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| The influence others have on us because we want them to like us. |
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| Behavior that complies with the explicit demands of the individual in authority |
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| The reduction in personal identity and erosioin of the sense of personal reponsibility when one is part of a group |
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| Imitative behavior involving the spread of actions, emotions, and ideas. |
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| Improvement in an individual's performance because of the presence of others |
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| Each person's tendency to expert less effort in a group because of reduced accountability for individual effort |
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| The tendency for a group decision to be riskier than average decision make by the individual group members. |
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| Group Polarization Effect |
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| The solidifaction and further strengthening of an indiviual's position as a consequence of a group discussion or interaction. |
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| The impaired group decision making that occurs when making the decision is less important than maintaining group harmony |
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| The way we define oursleves in terms of our group membership |
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| Tajfel's theory that our social identities are a crucial part of our self image and a valuable source of positive feelings about ourselves |
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| The tendency to favor one's own ethnic group over other groups |
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| An unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on the individual's membership in a particular group |
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| An unjustified negative or harmful action toward a member of a group simply because the person belongs to that group |
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| The phenomenon that the more we encounter someone or something, the more prbable it is that we will start liking the person or thing even if we do not realize we have seen it before |
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| Also called passionate love; love with strong components of sexuality and infatuation, often dominatn in the early part of a love relationship |
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| Also called passionate love; love with strong components of sexuality and infatuation, often dominatn in the early part of a love relationship |
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| Also called companionate love; love that occurs when indiviuals desire to have another person near and have a deep caring affection for the person |
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| The view of social relationships as invloving and exchange of goods, the objective of which is to minimize costs and maximize benefits |
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| A model of long-term relationships that examines the ways that commitment, investment, and the availability of attractive alternative partners predict satisfaction and stability in relationships |
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