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Definition
| Internal processes that initiate, sustain, and direct activities. |
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| An internal deficiency that may energize behavior |
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| The psychological expression of internal needs or valued goals, for example, hunger, thirst, or a drive for success |
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| Any action, glandular activity, or other identifiable behavior |
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| The target or objective of motivated behavior |
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| The value of a goal above and beyond its ability to fill a need |
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Definition
Innate motives based on biological needs hunger, thirst, and pain avoidance and needs for air, sleep, elimination of wastes, and regulation of body temperature. |
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Innate needs for stimulation and information Activity, curiosity, exploration, manipulation, and physical contact |
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Motives based on learned needs, drives, and goals Power, affiliation, approval, status, security, and achievement. Fear and aggression. |
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| A steady state of bodily equilibrium |
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| Below-normal blood sugar level |
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| A small area at the base of the brain that regulates many aspects of motivation and emotion, especially hunger, thirst and sexual behavior |
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| Areas in the hypothalamus that initiate eating when stimulated |
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| Areas in the hypothalamus that terminate eating |
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| A substance in the brain that initiates eating |
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| A substance in the brain that terminates eating |
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| The proportion of body fat that tends to be maintained by changes in hunger and eating |
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| A substance released by fat cells that inhibits eating |
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| Any external stimulus that tends to encourage hunger to elicit eating |
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Definition
| The types and amounts of food and drink regularly consumed over a period of time |
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| Repeated swings between losing and gaining weight |
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| The rate at which energy is consumed by bodily activity |
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| The values attached to various objects and activities by people in a given culture |
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| An active dislike for a particular food |
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| An unwillingness or hesitation on the part of animals to eat a particular food |
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Definition
| Active self-starvation or a sustained loss of appetite that has psychological origins |
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| Excessive eating (gorging) usually followed by self-induced vomiting and/or taking laxatives |
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| Thirst caused by a reduction in the volume of fluids found between body cells |
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| Thirst triggered when fluid is drawn out of cells because of an increased concentration of salts and minerals outside the cell |
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Definition
| A drive that occurs in distinct episodes |
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| Changes in the sexual drives of animals that create a desire for mating; particularly used to refer to females in heat |
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| Any of a # of female sex hormones |
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| A drive that is relatively independent of physical deprivation cycles or bodily need states |
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| Drives based on needs for exploration, manipulation, curiosity, and stimulation |
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Definition
| Assumes that people prefer to maintain ideal, or comfortable, levels of arousal |
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Definition
| The overall level of activation in the body and the nervous system of a person or animal |
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| A personality characteristic of people who prefer high levels of stimulation |
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Definition
| A curve, roughly in the shape of an upside-down U, that relates performance to levels of arousal |
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Definition
| A summary of the relationships among arousal, task, complexity, and performance |
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| High levels of arousal and worry that seriously impair test performance |
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Definition
| Cyclical changes in bodily functions and arousal levels that vary on a schedule approximating a 24-hr day |
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Definition
| Gradual matching of sleep-waking cycles to a new time schedule before an anticipated change in circadian rhythms |
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Definition
| A hormone produced by the pineal gland in response to cycles of light and dark |
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Definition
| States that strong emotions tend to be followed by an opposite emotional state; also the strength of both emotional states changes over time |
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Definition
| Learned motives acquired as part of growing up in a particular society or culture |
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Definition
| The desire to excel or meet some internalized standard of excellence |
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Definition
| The desire to have social impact and control over others |
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| Belief that one can successfully carry out an activity or reach a goal |
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Definition
| Maslow's ordering of needs based on their presumed strength or potency |
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Definition
| The first four levels of needs in Maslow's hierarchy: lower needs tend to be more potent than higher needs |
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Term
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Definition
| In Maslow's hierarchy, the higher the level needs associated w/self-actualization |
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Term
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Definition
| In Maslow's Hierarchy, needs associated with impulses for self-actualization |
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Definition
| Motivation that comes from within,rather than from external rewards; motivation based on personal enjoyment of a task or activity |
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Definition
| Motivation based on obvious external rewards, obligations, or similar factors |
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Definition
| A state characterized by physiological arousal, changes in facial expression, gestures, posture, and subjective feelings |
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Term
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Definition
| Actions that aid attempts to survive and adapt to changing conditions |
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Term
Physiological changes (in emotion) |
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Definition
| Alternations in heart rate, blood pressure, perspiration, and other involuntary responses |
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Term
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Definition
| A hormone produced by the adrenal glands that tends to arouse the body |
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Definition
| Outward signs that an emotion is occurring |
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Definition
| The private, subjective experience of having an emotion |
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Definition
| According to Plutchik, the most basic emotions are fear, surprise, sadness, disgust, anger, anticipation, joy, and acceptance |
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Definition
| A low-intensity, long-lasting emotional state |
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Definition
| A part of the limbic system (w/in the brain) that produces fear responses |
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Term
Autonomic nervous system (ANS) |
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Definition
| The system of nerves that connects the brain with the internal organs and glands |
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Definition
| A part of the ANS that activates the body at times of stress |
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Definition
| A part of the autonomic system that quiets the body and conserves energy |
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Definition
| Excess activity in the parasympathetic nervous system follwoing a period of intense emotion |
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Definition
| A device for recording heart reate, blood pressure, respiration, and galvanic skin response; commonly called a "Lie Detector" |
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Galvanic skin response (GSR) |
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Definition
| A change in the electrical resistance (or inversely, the conductance) of the skin, due to sweating |
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Term
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Definition
| In a polygraph exam, neutral, nonthreatening, or nonemotional questions |
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Term
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Definition
| In a polygraph exam, questions to which only a guilty person should react |
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Definition
| In a polygraph exam, questions that almost always provoke anxiety |
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Definition
| Study of the meaning of body movements, posture, hand gestures, and facial expressions; commonly called body language |
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Definition
| The underlying emotional state an individual is experiencing at any given moment |
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Definition
| A mix of 2 or more basic facial expressions |
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Term
| Pleasantness-unpleasantness |
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Definition
| As reflected by facial expressions, the degree to which a person is experiencing pleasure or displeasure |
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Definition
| As reflected by facial expressions, the degree of attention given to a person or object |
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Definition
| As reflected by facial expressions, the degree of arousal a person is experiencing |
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Definition
| Gestures people use to illustrate what they are saying |
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Definition
| Gestures that have widely understood meanings within a particular culture |
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Definition
| States that emotional feelings follow bodily arousal and come from awareness of such arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| States that activity in the thalamus causes emotional feelings and bodily arousal to occur simultaneously |
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Term
| Schachter's cognitive theory |
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Definition
| States that emotions occur when physical arousal is labeled or interpreted on the basis of experience and situational cues |
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Term
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Definition
| The mental process of assigning causes to events. In emotion, the process of attributing arousal to a particular source |
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Term
| Facial feedback hypothesis |
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Definition
| States that sensations from facial expressions help define what emotion a person feels |
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Definition
| Evaluating the personal meaning of a stimulus or situation |
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Term
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Definition
| Emotional competence, including empathy, self-control, self-awareness, and other skills |
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Term
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Definition
| Weight reduction based on changing exercise and eating habits, rather than temporary self-starvation |
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Term
| Triangular theory of love |
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Definition
| Sternberg's theory that loves is made up of intimacy,passion, and commitment |
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Term
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Definition
| Affection, sharing, communication, and support in a relationship, especially sexual arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| High levels of physical arousal in a relationship, especially sexual arousal |
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Term
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Definition
| Decision to love and stay with another person |
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Definition
| An absence of passion, intimacy and commitment |
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Definition
| Intimacy w/o passion or commitment |
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Definition
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Definition
| Passion with commitment but lacking intimacy |
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Term
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Definition
| Passion w/o commitment or intimacy |
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Term
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Definition
| Intimacy and commitment w/o passion |
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Term
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Definition
| Commitment w/o intimacy or passion |
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Term
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Definition
| Passion, intimacy, and commitment |
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