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| Passed in 1951, the amendment that limits presidents to two terms in office |
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| political equivalent of an indictment in criminal law, prescribed by the constitution. The house of representatives may impeach the president by a majority vote for treason, bribery or other high crimes and misdemeanors. |
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| events and scandal surrounding a break-in at the democratic national committee headquarters in 1972 and cover up of white house involvement, leading the investigation to Nixon under the threat of impeachment. |
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| Passed in 1951, permits the vice president to become acting president if both vice and president's cabinet determine the president is otherwise incapacitated. outlines how a president can recuperate the job as well. |
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| group of presidential advisors not mentioned in the constitution, although every president has had one. today the cabinet is composed of 14 secretaries and the attorney general. |
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| National Security Council |
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| office created in 1947 to coordinate the president's foreign and military policy advisors. Its formal members are the president, vice, secretary of state, and secretary of defense. managed by president's national security assistant. |
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| Council of Economic Advisors |
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| Three member body appointed by the president to advise the president on economic policy. |
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| office of management and budget |
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| an office that grew out of the bureau of the budget, created in 1921, consisting of a handful of political appointees and professionals. performs managerial and budgetary functions. |
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| Constitutional power of the president to send a bill back to congress with reasons for rejecting it. two thirds vote in each house can override a veto. |
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| A veto taking place when congress adjourns within 10 days of submitting a bill to the president, who simply lets it die by neither signing nor vetoing it. |
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| these occur when voters cast their ballots for congressional candidates of the president's party because they support the president. few races are won this way. |
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| law passed in 1973 in reaction to american fighting in Vietnam and Cambodia that requires presidents to consult with congress whenever possible prior to using military force and to withdraw forces after 60 days unless Congress declares war or grants an extension. viewed as unconstitutional by presidents. |
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| ability of congress to override a presidential decision. |
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| sudden, unpredictable and potentially dangerous event requiring the president to play the role of crisis manager. |
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| according to max weber, a hierarchial authority structure that uses task specialization,operates on the merit principle and behaves with impersonality. govern modern states. |
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| key inducements used by political machines. system that a person is given a job for political reasons rather than merit or competence. |
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| pendelton civil service act |
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| passed in 1883, an act that created a federal civil service so that hiring and promotion would be based on merit rather than patronage. |
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| system of hiring and promotion based on merit principle and desire to create non partisan government. |
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| idea that hiring should be based on entrance exams and promotion ratings to produce administration by people with talent and skill. |
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| federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics. |
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| Office of Personnel Management |
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| office in charge of hiring for most agencies of federal gov. using elaborate rules in the process. |
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| schedule for federal employees, ranging from GS 1 to GS 18, by which salaries can be keyed to rating and experience. |
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| elite group of 9,000 federal government managers; mostly career officials. |
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| Independent regulatory agency |
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| a government agency responsible for some sector of the economy, making and enforcing rules to protect the public interest. It also judges disputes over these rules. |
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| provides a service that could be provided by the private sector and typically charges for its services. Ex: U.S. Postal Service. |
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| Independent executive agency |
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| gov. not accounted for by cabinet departments, independent regulatory agencis and gov. corp. administrators are typically appointed by the president Ex: NASA |
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| stage of policymaking between the establishment of a policy and the consequences of the policy for people whom it affects. involves translating goals and objectives of a policy into an operating, ongoing program. |
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| Standard Operating procedures |
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| used by bureaucrats to bring unifromity to complex org. Uniformity improves fairness and makes personnel interchangeable. |
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| Administrative discretion |
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| Authority of administrative actors to select among the various responses to a given problem. |
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| referring to those bureaucrats who are constantly in contact with the public and have considerable administrative discretion. |
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| use of governmental authority to control or change some practice in the private sector. Regulations pervade the daily lives of people and institutions. |
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| lifting of restrictions on business, industry, and professional activities for which gov. rules had been established and that bureaucracies had been created to administer. |
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| command and control policy |
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| existing system of regulation whereby gov. tells business how to reach certain goals, checks that these commands follow and punish offenders. |
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| market like strategies used to manage public policy (businesses, as compared to command and control policy) |
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| regulations originating fro the executive branch. Executive orders are one method presidents can use to control the bureaucracy. |
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| A mutually dependent relationship between bureaucratic agencies, interest groups and congressional committees or subcommittees. Dominate some ares of domestic policymaking. |
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