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Definition
| a region around the nucleus of an atom where an electron is likely to be moving |
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Definition
| the amount of energy required to move an electron from its present energy level to the next higher one |
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| the quantum mechanical model |
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Definition
| the modern description of the electrons that derives from the mathematical solution to the Schrodinger equation |
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Definition
| a region in space where there is a high probability of finding an electron |
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Definition
| the ways in which electrons are arranged around the nuclei of atoms |
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Definition
| electrons enter orbitals of lowest energy first |
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| the Pauli exclusion principle |
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Definition
| an atomic orbital may describe, at most, two electrons |
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Definition
| when electron's occupy orbitals of equal energy, one electron enters each orbital until all the orbitals contain one electron with spins parallel |
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| electromagnetic radiation |
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Definition
| radio waves, microwaves, inferred waves, visible light, ultraviolet waves, x-rays, and gamma rays |
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Definition
| the wave's height from the origin to the crest |
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Definition
| the distance between the crests |
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Definition
| the number of wave cycles to pass a given point per unit of time |
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Definition
| (HZ) the SI unit of cycles per second |
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Definition
| range of wavelengths of electromagnetic radiation; wavelengths of visible light are separated when a beam of white light passes through a prism |
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Definition
| the pattern of frequencies obtained by passing light emitted by atoms of an element in the gaseous state through a prism; the emission spectrum of each element is unique to that element |
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Definition
| a number used to calculate the radiant energy (E) absorbed or emitted by a body based on the frequency of radiation |
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Definition
| light quanta; a discrete bundle of electromagnetic energy that behaves as a particle |
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Term
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Definition
| metals eject electrons called photoelectrons when light shines on them |
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Term
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Definition
| when an atom is in its lowest energy level with a quantum number (n) of 1 |
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Term
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Definition
| all matter exhibits wavelike motions |
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Term
| Heisenberg uncertainty principal |
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Definition
| states that it is impossible to know exactly both the velocity and the position of a partile at the same time; the more precisely the velocity is measured, the less precise the measurement of the position must become |
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Term
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Definition
| elements in which the outermost s and p sublevels are filled |
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Term
| the representative elements |
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Definition
| the outermost s or p sublevel is only partially filled |
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Term
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Definition
| the metallic elements in which the outermost s sublevel and nearby d sublevel contain electrons |
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Term
| the inner-transition metals |
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Definition
| the metallic elements in which the outermost s sublevel and nearby f sublevel generally contain electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| one-half the distane between the nuclei of two like atoms in a diatomic molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| atomic size generally increases as you move down a group of the periodic table, as you descend electrons are added to successively higher principal energy level and the nuclear charge increases, the outermost orbital is larger as you move downward |
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Term
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Definition
| atomic size decreases as you move from left to right across a period, as you go across principal energy level remains the same, each element has one more proton and one more electron than the preceding element, the electrons are added to the same principal energy level |
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Definition
| the tendency for the atoms of the element to attract electrons when they are chemically combined with atoms of another element |
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Term
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Definition
| the energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom |
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