Term
| nervous tissue consists of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is true about the glial cells in the PNS and CNS |
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Definition
they're different yeah they're different
♪♫♫♪♪ |
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Term
| what kind of mechanism is a synapse |
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Definition
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Term
| CNS includes what structures |
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Definition
| brain, spinal cord, and cranial nerve |
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Term
| PNS includes what structures |
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Definition
| nerves, ganglia, and motor and sensory nerve endings |
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Term
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Definition
| neurons and oligodendrite glial cells |
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Term
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Definition
| neuron and schwann/satellite glial cell bodies outside cranial cavity and spinal cord |
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Term
| What does SOMATIC nervous system control |
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Definition
| voluntary motor functions via skeletal muscle innervation by long axons of efferent Alpha motor neurons (CNS) and sensory input. |
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Term
| Each single alpha motor neuron connects to |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| one alpha motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it ennervates |
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Term
| What does the ANS control |
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Definition
| influences involuntary functions of smooth muscle (which includes vasculature, gut, urinary bladder) cardiac muscle, and glandular epithelium via preganglionic nerons CNS and postganglionic neurons PNS. |
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Term
| How is the CNS connected to target organs |
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Definition
two-neuron sequences (visceral efferents): First one comes down from brain with cell body in CNS
Second cell body is in ganglion. |
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Term
| Sensory input (somatic and visceral afferents) is carried through |
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Definition
| pseudounipolar neurons in dorsal root ganglia along side spinal nerves to CNS. |
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Term
| Organ's funs reclect influence of |
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Definition
| neurotransmittors from nerons AND HORMONES from 'endocrine' epithelial cells throughout body --->coordinated meuroendocrine control |
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Term
| SYMPATHETIC releases _____ from ________ fibers |
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Definition
| Sympathetic releases NOREPINEPHRINE from POST-GANG FIBERS |
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Term
| PARASYMPATHETIC release _____ from _____fibers |
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Definition
| Parasympathetic release ACETYLCHOLINE from PRE&POST GANG fibers |
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Term
| Enteric ganglia are localized where |
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Definition
| within the connective and muscular tissues of alimentary canal and can fn independently of pregang output to control exocrine/endocrine secretions and smooth muscle contraction aka peristalsis |
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Term
describe
Afferent "sensory" receptors |
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Definition
| encapsulated within CT structure but may also be free axon termini that initiate a neron impulse in response to specific stimuli |
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Term
| name and describe the afferent sensory receptors of the body |
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Definition
1) exteroreceptors aka 5 senses
2) enteroreceptors respnd to internal stimuli (gut, vasculature, urinary)
3) proprioreceptors respond to mechanical stimuli |
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Term
| cerebral Perikaryons are located only |
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Definition
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Term
| the axons of cerebral neurons are called |
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Definition
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Term
| where are cell bodies found in PNS |
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Definition
| ganglia and sensory regions |
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Term
| axons of neurons in the PNS travel in bundles called |
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Definition
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Term
| Ectoderm gives rise to what three things |
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Definition
| neuroectoderm, placodes, and surface ectoderm |
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Term
| what does neuroectoderm become |
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Definition
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Term
| what does the neural plate undergo and what does it give rise to |
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Definition
neuralation
gives rise to neural tube (CNS) and neural crest (PNS) |
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Term
| What does surface ectoderm give rise to |
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Definition
| skin, lens, cornea, enamel |
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Term
| what do placodes give rise to |
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Definition
| special sensory organs like eye, ear, nasal, cranial nerge ganglia |
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Term
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Definition
| multipolar, bipolar, and pseudounipolar (unipolar) |
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Term
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Definition
| multiple dendritic processes plus one axon ranging from 4um to 1m! (motor neurons of ventral horn of spinal cord) in human |
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Term
| name two multipolar cells |
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Definition
| interneurons (brain); motor neurons (spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
| a single axon and single dendrite extending from a cell body in the middle |
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Term
| where are bipolar nerves found |
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Definition
| only sensory neurons such as in retina and vestibulocochlear VIII systems |
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Term
| Describe psuedounipolar cells |
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Definition
| have a ingle branching axon but no dendrites. actually is bipolar; one process carries impulses to cell and other carries it away. incoming signals don't have to route throught bd of neuron |
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Term
| where are unipolar cells found |
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Definition
| in peripheral sensory ganglia like dorsal root ganglia |
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Term
| what's in the perikaryon besides usual shit |
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Definition
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Term
| can you see perikaryons with LM? |
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Definition
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Term
| what color are perkaryons with LM |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the basophilic patches of perikaryons called |
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Definition
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Term
| what do you stain perikaryons with |
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Definition
| hematoxylin, toluidine blue, cresoyl violet |
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Term
| what happens to the perikaryon as aging happnes |
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Definition
| accumulation of lipofuscin granules that ocupy half of the cytoplasm |
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Term
| what are the cytoskeletons of neurons made of |
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Definition
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Term
| what do you stain neurofilaments with |
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Definition
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Term
| what do perikaryons lack in the dendrites |
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Definition
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Term
| axon hillock is ______ bc it lacks _____ and _____ |
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Definition
| axon hillock is pale bc it lacks golgi and nissl substance |
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Term
| ________receptors bind ACh |
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Definition
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Term
| ______________ degrades Ach |
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Definition
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Term
| _____________ receptors bind catcholamines |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| epi, norepi, and dopamine |
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Term
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Definition
amines like serotini, GABA, glutamate, aspartate
neuroendocrinepeptides (CCK, VIP, substance P) |
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Term
| what are the two sections of the forebrain |
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Definition
| telencephalon and diencephalon |
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