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-position in a food chain
-calories at adjacent levels differs by factor of 10 |
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| the function "occupation" of a species |
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| eat organic debris and waste |
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| (bacteria,fungi)digest organics |
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-biomass generated per area by a plant community in a year(C/M2?yr)
-highest in tropical rainforests;lowest in deserts |
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| a community of organisms and their envoirnment |
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-position in a food chain
-calories at adjacent levels differs by factor of 10 |
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| the physical or chemical abiotic componenet that most inhibits biotic operations thru its lack or express |
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| progression of one plant community to another |
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| occurs on bare substrate(volcanic rock,glacial debris,bare beach) |
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| occurs in soil with seeds after a disturbance (fire,clear-cutting,tornado) |
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| a community best suited to survive in |
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| envoirnment (continually changes) |
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| major,global-scale communities |
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| a transitonal community between ecosystems |
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| short grasses(<1ft),e.g.,buffalo grass |
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| tall grasses (up to 9ft) mostly plowed |
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| associated w descendig air |
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| associated w rain shadows far from coasts |
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-coastal redwoods (sequoias)
-douglas fir,pines east of mountains. |
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| tress such as mesquite have.... |
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| tress such as mesquite have... |
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| succulents such as cacti(native only to americans) have.... |
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| thick,water-stroing tissue |
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| small,hard,thick sclerophyllous leaves conserve water |
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| woody shrubs and grassy woodlands |
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| subsurface permafrost (never thaws).... |
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| blocks roots of larger vegetation |
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| grasses and lichens symbolize |
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| needleleaf and montane forest |
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| is a needle leaf deciduous tree |
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-favored by fores and sandy,coastal soils
- spruce and fir dominate pines;larch (Siberia) |
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| deciduous (lose leaves the fall) and evergreen |
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| evergreen broadleaf forest |
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-gyres and convectional stroms provide rain to Gulf coast
-magnolia,Spanish moss (an epiphyte) |
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-tropical grassland with scattered trees or shrubs
-zebra,giraffe,buffalo,gazelle,wildebeest,rhino,elephant |
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| dense growth of small trees and shrubs |
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| trees,shrubs;no continous canopy |
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| scrub woodland (S.&SE Asia) |
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| scrub woodland (Australia) |
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| scrub woodland (South America) |
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| broadleaf evergreen trees with an open floor |
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| support(but not nutrients) from other plants |
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| natural material in which plants can grow |
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| substanial proportions of each fr good plant growth |
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| positive ions (Na+,K+,Ca2+,Mg2+) |
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| cation exchange capacity (promotes fertlity0 |
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| ability to trade places with H+ on colloids |
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| Soil Formation Factors (1/5) |
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| Soil Formation Factors (2/5) |
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| Soil Formation Factors (3/5) |
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| Soil Formation Factors (4/5) |
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| topography (relief,aspect) |
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| Soil Formation Factors (5/5) |
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| "topsoil",rich in humus (decomposed organics) |
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| eluviation (particulate removal) or leaching (dissolution |
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| illuviation (deposition of material from above) |
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| weathered bedrock or parent material(regolith) |
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| Half the US population lives ..... |
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| in coastal counties(incl. Great Lakes) |
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| 86& of TDS(total dissolved solids) is... |
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| salinity is measured in... |
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| parts per thousand (ppt), or per mil (%o) |
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| salinity becomes a limiting factor for.... |
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| bull sharks tolerate low salinity more than.... |
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| Salinity (Brazil's Coast) |
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| caused by earthquakes,volcanoes,sea slides |
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| As waves approach the shore,friction with the bottom causes...... |
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| velocity and wavelength to decrease |
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| As waves approach the shore,friction with the bottom causes...... |
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| wave height to increase until the waves break |
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| particles have an orbital motion whose diameter decreases with depth and disappears |
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| NAME THE LOCATION::::(Year)1883(Deaths)37,000(Comment)caused by a volcano |
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| NAME THE LOCATION::::(Year)2004(Deaths)275,000(Comment)wave was 100 ft high |
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| Eye of the hurricane (Low P) raises sea level |
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| CCW circulation pushes water ashore east of the eye |
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| NAME LOCATION::: Year 1900 deaths 6,000 |
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| NAME LOCATION::: Year 1737 deaths 300,000 |
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| NAME LOCATION::: Year 1970 deaths 550,000 |
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| tidal Currents: flood tide |
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| Tidal Currents: slack water |
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| time between two high tides |
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| high tide level-low tide level |
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| Tidal Range (WORLDS LARGEST) |
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| largest(sun-earth-moon line up) |
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| smallest (sun-earth-moon form 90 degree angle) |
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| Coastal Wetlands:Salt marshes |
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| form north of 30 degree N in the intertidal zone (bounded by tidal extremes) |
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| Coastal Wetlands:mangrove swamps |
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| form south of 30 degree N |
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| Coastal Wetlands:Salt marshes |
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| where halophytic plants thrive |
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| Coastal Wetlands:mangrove swamps |
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| prop roots of mangrove trees provide habitat for many specialized life forms |
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| coelentrates;have stinging tesicles) secrete external skeletons of CaCO3 |
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| Symbiotic relationship with colorful algae (1/2) |
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| algae photosnthesis food for coral |
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| Symbiotic relationship with colorful algae (2/2) |
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| coral provide nutrients and shelter for algae |
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| coral expel their algae,turn white,and die |
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| theories:pollution,disease,sediment,salinity,global warming |
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| GROW UPWARD AS ISLAND SUBSIDES: fringing |
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| GROW UPWARD AS ISLAND SUBSIDES:barrier |
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| GROW UPWARD AS ISLAND SUBSIDES:atoll |
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| coral ring with no inner island |
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