Term
| nonproteobacteria Gram negative |
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Definition
-photosynthetic gram - bacteria
-cyanobacteria |
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Term
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Definition
-blue green pigmentation
-photosynthesis
-many can fix nitrogen to ammonium in heterocysts (cells impermeable to O2)
-some adjust buoyancy using gas vacuoles
-eukaryotic chloroplasts evolved from them |
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Term
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Definition
-aerobes, facultative, and anaerobes
-2 phyla
-Firmicutes (low GC)
-Actinobacteria (high GC) |
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Term
| Firmicutes characteristics |
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Definition
-low GC
-spore forming bacteria
-medically relevant bacteria
-bacteria important in the industry |
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Term
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Definition
-Clostridium
-Bacillus
-Staphlococcus
-Lactobacillus
-Streptococcus
-Enterococcus
-Listeria
-Mycoplasma |
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Term
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Definition
-rod shaped obligate anaerobes
-forms spores that distort the cell |
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Term
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Definition
-botulism
-1 micro gram of uncooked bean could be fatal
-boiling denatures
-botox also |
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Term
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Definition
-causes tetnus
-spores get in body through wounds, blocks neurotransmitter
-spasms |
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Term
|
Definition
| -responsible for gas gangrene and foodborne diarrhea |
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Term
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Definition
-human intestinal normal flora
-causes diarrhea and other intestinal disease when competing bacteria are wiped out by anitbiotics |
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Term
|
Definition
-facultative anaerobes that form endospores
-ubiquitous |
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Term
|
Definition
-anthrax
-only bacterium with a protein capsule
-produces toxin |
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Term
|
Definition
-causes foodborne illness
-produces toxin |
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Term
|
Definition
-biocontrol against a variety of insect pests
-crystal is toxic to insect
-pH activates in intestine, swells, and lysis |
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Term
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Definition
-facultative anaerobes
-grow well in high osmotic pressure and low moisture
-natural inhabitants of nose and skin |
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Term
|
Definition
-common cause of food poisoning
-infects surgical wounds
-toxin responsible for toxin shock syndrome
-quickly develops resistance (MRSA) |
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Term
|
Definition
| natural inhabitant of the skin |
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Term
|
Definition
-facultative anaerobes
-convert lactose to lactic acid
-present in human vaginal and gastrointestinal tract
-some used for yogurt, cheese, sauerkraut, pickles, beer, wine |
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Term
|
Definition
| -most common beer spoilage organisms |
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Term
|
Definition
| -part of normal flora of mouth, skin, intestine, and upper respiratory tract |
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Term
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Definition
-strep throat
-endocartitis (heart inflammation)
-necrotizing faciititis (flesh eating disease)
-beta hemolytic |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| dental caries (tooth decay) |
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Term
|
Definition
neonatal sepsis(blood infection)
beta hemolytic |
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Term
|
Definition
| -some cheeses and yogurts |
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Term
| beta hemolytic streptococci |
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Definition
| -produce hemolysin to lyse RBC |
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Term
| non beta hemolytic streptococci |
|
Definition
-gamma-no color
-alpha- green (H2O2) |
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Term
|
Definition
-found in gastrointestinal tract, vagina and oral cavity
-large numbers in human stool
-leading cause of nosocomial(hospital) infections |
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Term
| E. faecalis and E. faecium |
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Definition
| -infections of surgical wounds and urinary tract |
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Term
|
Definition
| -contaminate food especially dairy |
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Term
|
Definition
-cryophile (likes cold)
-can survive in phagocytic cells
-can cause still birth or damage to fetus |
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Term
|
Definition
-smallest organism that can independently grow on a cell free medium
-only prokaryotes that lack cell wall and contain sterols
-highly pleomorphic
-chronic diseases
-fibromyalgia syndrome, gulf war syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis |
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Term
|
Definition
-high GC
-include pleomorphic
-important pathogens
-filamentous bacteria |
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Term
| Types of Actinobacteria (9) |
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Definition
-Mycobacterium
-Corynebacterium
-Propionibacterium
-Actinomyces
-Streptomyces |
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Term
|
Definition
-do not retain crystal violet
-acid fast G+ (no outer membrane)
-thick cell wall of mycolic acids
-very slow growth |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| C. diphteriae causes diphteria |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
-thermophiles found in throat and mouth of humans
-can form branched filamaents
-number of enzymes that degrade plant organic material
-many are opportunistic pathogens of humans in oral cavity
-can cause abcesses in mouth, lung, intestine
-farmers lung |
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Term
|
Definition
-very abundant in soil
-reproduce through asexual spores
-distinct earthy odor from production of geosmin
-produce many commercial antibiotics |
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Term
|
Definition
-Gram negative
-aquatic
-budding
-no peptidoglycan
-Gemmata obscuriglobus has a double membrane around its DNA |
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Term
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Definition
-small coccoid bacteria
-no peptidoglycan in cell wall
-obligate intracellular paracites of vertebrates unable to make own ATP
-unique pattern of replication
-most common STD
-4 million in US each yr
-humans are only natural host
-leading causes of female infertility |
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Term
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Definition
-major infectious cause of human eye (may lead
to blindness – trachoma) and genital disease |
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Term
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Definition
-coiled
-move by axial filaments
-many found in human oral cavity
-some found on protazoa in termites |
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Term
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Definition
-Treponema
-Borrelia
-Leptospira |
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Term
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Definition
-Many pathogens
-T. pallidum causes syphilis (sexual contact or through placenta) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-excreted in the urine of dogs,rates, swine
-part of domestic cats and dogs vaccination |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-anaerobes
-human intestine
-gingival crevice and deep tissue infections |
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Term
|
Definition
| -periodontal and tooth problems |
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