Term
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Definition
| The development of mutations of an antigen that alters its ability to be recognized by antibodies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Genetic recombination between different strains generates new viruses with vastly different epitopes. |
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Term
| Salmonella enterica Typhimurium |
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Definition
| causes food poisoning-expresses 1 of 2 antigenically distincet flagellins. |
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Term
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Definition
| causes STD gonorrhea, has several variable antigen genes including pilin gene |
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Term
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Definition
| used by many viruses-strategy is to hide in the cell in an inactive state while the initial immune response dies down. |
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Term
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Definition
| causes cold sores, infects epithelial cells |
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Term
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Definition
| causes chicken pox, virus hides in dorsal root ganglia. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most people infected with EBV in their 20s, but some remains latent for life. Can cause infectious mononucleosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| infection causes the B cells to proliferate adn make new virus until immune system can catch up and eliminate infected cells. |
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Term
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis |
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Definition
| blocks fusion of the phagosome with the lysosome to protect itself. Lives inside the cell in this vesicular system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Escapes from the phagosome to live in the cytoplasm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Generates its own vesicle inside the cells that won't fuse wiht th lysosome to protect it and its peptides from being available for presentation via MHCI. |
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Term
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Definition
| encodes a variety of proteins devoted to escaping immune responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Failures of the host defense system. Broad spectrum of immunodeficiencies can involve any one of several branches of the immune system. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pus forming bacteria that have polysaccharide capsules that make them resistant to phagocytosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| a specific enzyme needed for B cell maturation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Common Variable immune deficiency |
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Definition
| Reduced IgG levels-in most cases the cause is unkown. |
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Term
| X-linked hyper-IgM syndrom |
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Definition
| Due to lack of CD40L on T cells. Results in loss of T cell help to B cells resulting in an almost total loss of response to T cell dependent antigens. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Severe combined immunodeficiency syndrom |
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Definition
| Collection of diseases characterized by an almost total loss of defense mechanisms. Defects in T cell function. |
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Term
| X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency disease |
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Definition
| Most common form is caused by a defect in the gene for the common gamma chain that is a component of multiple IL receptors |
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Term
| Adenosine deaminase deficiency |
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Definition
| dATP accumulates, which is particularly harmful to lymphoid cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Catalyzes the inhibitor of dNTP synthesis. |
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Term
| Leukocyte adhesion deficiency |
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Definition
| Autosmoal recessive disease resulting from loss of CD18, one of the integrin chains taht maes up LFA-1, CR3, and CR4. |
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Term
| Chronic granulomatous Disease |
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Definition
| Inability of phagocytes to generate hydrogen peroxide and superoxide radicals that they use to kill ingested bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inability of macrophages to respond to IFN-y due either to loss of IFNyR1 or expression of a truncated receptor. |
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Term
| Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome |
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Definition
| Immune deficiency arising due to infection with the human retrovirus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Binds with high affinity to CD4 and then interacts with a co-receptor. |
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Term
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Definition
| mediates the fusion of the virus with the target cell. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Initial infection usually, but not always, accompanied by symptoms similar to mononucleosis for about 1-2 weeks. |
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Term
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Definition
| latent period lasting several years |
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Term
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Definition
| decline in immune function. |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs within six months after the initial exposure, appearance of antibodies against viral components. |
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Term
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Definition
| antigenically different strains of bacterium or other pathogen that can be distinguished by immunological means, for example antibody-based detection tests. |
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Term
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Definition
| outbreak of an infectious disease that spreads worldwide. |
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Term
| Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (enterotoxin) |
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Definition
| a bacterial superantigen that causes the over production of cytokines by activation CD4 cells. |
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Term
| X-linked agammaglobulinemia |
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Definition
| a genetic disorder in which B-cell development is arrested at the pre-B-cell stage adn neither mature B cells or antibodies are formed. The disease is due to a defect in the gene encoding the protein tyrosine kinase Btk. |
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Term
| Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome |
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Definition
| diesase caused by an infection with HIV. It involves gradual destruction of the CD4 T-cell population and increasing susceptibility to infection |
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Term
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Definition
| causes AIDs. HIV is a retrovirus of the lentivirus family that infects CD4 T cells, leading to their slow depletion, which eventually results in immunodeficiency. |
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Term
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Definition
| The DNA form of a retrovirus when it is integrated into the host cell genome. In this state it can remain transcriptionally inactive for a long time. |
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Term
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Definition
| uses the multiple serotypes technique |
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Term
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Definition
| Protozoan parasites responsible for sleeping sickness |
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Term
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Definition
| a lymphocyte-tropic molecule expressed on activated T cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| an enzyme produced by a retrovirus that allows it to insert into an infected cells DNA |
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Term
| Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) |
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Definition
| Combination therapy to treat HIV virus, treat with 3 different drug regimens. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cuts virus to make active enzymes to create new viruses. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cancerous tumor of connective tissue often associated with AIDs. |
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