Term
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Definition
| (fungi)- does not ordinarily cause disease but can become pathogenic under certain conditions |
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Term
| How do microoraganisms contribute to our lives? |
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Definition
- Recycle vital elements in nature
- sewage treatment
- bioremediation
- biotechnology
- genetic engineering
- normal microbita
- biofilms
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Term
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Definition
| uses microbes to clean up pollutants (eg. bacteria are used to detoxify oil and mercury) |
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Term
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Definition
| uses microbes to make chemicals and foods (eg. cheese, bread, beer, wine) |
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Term
| What do normal microbiota do for us? |
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Definition
- Help us produce vitamins and folic acid
- protect us against disease; prevent overgrowth of pathogens
- some can cause disease under certain circumstances (taking antibiotics ---yeast infection)
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Term
| what do bacteria, protezoa, and archaea have in common? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the science of classifying organisms |
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Term
| Taxonomic hierarchy: classification order? |
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Definition
| Domain --kingdom --phylum --class --order --family --genus --species |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of closely related individuals with similar characteristics that breed among themselves (do not breed or exchange genes with other species) |
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Term
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Definition
| a population of cells with similar characteristics. (can exchange genes with other species) |
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Term
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Definition
| a population of viruses that have similar characteristics and that occupy the same ecological niche (host) |
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Term
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Definition
| a vegetative structure that feed and grow (protozoa) |
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Term
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Definition
| (protozoa) multiple fission |
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Term
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Definition
| haploid micronuclei to fuse in sexual reproduction of a protozoa |
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Term
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Definition
| haploid ex cells (gametes) combine (sexual reproduction of a protozoa) |
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Term
| What phylum are paramecium and stentor classified? |
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Definition
Phylum Ciliophora
-motile; move using cilia |
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Term
| What phylum are amoeba classified? |
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Definition
phylum amoebozoa
- move using pseudopods |
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Term
| What phylum is Plasmodium vivax in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What phylum is cryptosporidium in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What phylum is Toxoplasma gondii in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe phylum apicomplexa. |
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Definition
- Non-motile; have special apical organelle to penetrate their host
- obligate intracellular parasites
- have complex life cycles involving different hosts
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Term
What phylum is Tripanosoma brucei gambiense in?
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Definition
phylum Euglenazoa
- move using flagella; do not sexually reproduce |
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Term
| What specimen is a photoautotroph, contains chloroplast and is sometimes classified as alga? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is in the cell wall of algae, peptidoglycan, cellulose, or chitin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are diatoms and desmids classified as? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do algae reproduce asexually? |
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Definition
| by cell division or fragmentation (organism breaking into fragments) |
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Term
| Molds are _____cellular and yeasts are ____cellular. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| formed by a cottony mass of hyphae (molds) |
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Term
| Do molds and yeasts require oxygen? |
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Definition
| molds yes, yeasts can live with or without oxygen |
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Term
Sporangiospores
(asexual or sexual, give an example) |
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Definition
| asexual, phycomyces, Rhizopus (most common, bread mold) |
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Term
conidiospores
(define, give an example, sexual or asexual) |
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Definition
| asexual; penicillium, aspergillus; -fully exposed chains of spores formed at the tip of a reproductive hypha |
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Term
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Definition
sexual spore of a mold
eg. phycomyces, rhizopus |
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Term
| Name the asexual ways of reproduction for a yeast. |
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Definition
| fission, budding, pseudohypha (false mold) |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual spore formed when 2 nuclei fuse; spores are enclosed in an ascus (sac) |
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Term
| Which spores are located in the phylum zygomycota? |
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Definition
Zygospores and sporangiospores
eg. rhizopus |
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Term
| Which spores are located in the phylum ascomycota? |
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Definition
| ascospores, blastospores, and conidiospores |
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Term
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Definition
| yeast infection, opportunistic, cutaneous mycosis |
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Term
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Definition
| has 2 forms, can grow yeast like or mold like depending on environmental conditions |
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Term
Which spores are in the phylum Basidiomycota?
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Definition
| Basidiospores - sexual spores fromed on top of pedestals |
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Term
| T/F Viruses contain DNA and RNA. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| subunits that make up a capsid that surround the genetic material of a virus; make the protein coat |
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Term
| What is a virus called that contains no lipid envelope to enclose the capsid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can any virus infect any host? Why or Why not? |
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Definition
| No. most viruses infect specific host cells depending on their attachment sites and cellular factors. |
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Term
| What shape is a helical virus? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the steps of the multiplication of a bacteriophage in the lytic cycle. |
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Definition
- Attachment
- Penetration
- biosynthesis
- maturation
- release
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Term
| List the steps of the lysogenic cycle of a bacteriophage. |
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Definition
- attachment
- penetration
- prophage (phage DNA integrates and recombines with bacterial DNA)
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Term
| What are the outcomes of lysogeny? |
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Definition
- Immunity: the bacterial host becomes immune to reinfection by the same phage
- Phage Conbersion: the bacterial host may acquire new genes and traits from the phage
- Specialized transduction: virus can transfer genes from one bacterial cell to another
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Term
| List the steps of the multiplication of animal viruses. |
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Definition
- Attachment
- penetration: endocytosis (engulf a naked virus), fusion (entire capsid and nucleic acids enter cell)
- uncoating
- biosynthesis
- maturation
- release: Rupture (release a naked virus), budding (release enveloped virus)
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Term
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Definition
| remains asymptomatic for a long time (virus) |
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Term
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Definition
| disease progress occurs slowly over a long peorid of time |
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Term
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Definition
| cause cancer; uncontrolled cell division forms tumors |
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Term
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Definition
| viral DNA integrates ito host cells DNA |
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Term
| Define the methods of identifying viruses. Cytopathic effects, Serological tests, nucleic acid tests |
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Definition
- Cytopathic effects - compare healthy v.s. infected cells
- Serological tests - use antibodies specific to virus
- nucleic acid tests - polymerase chain reaction (PCR); DNA finger printing
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| infectious protein particle |
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Term
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Definition
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