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| protrusion of one or both eyeballs,often because of thyroid dysfunction or a tumor behind the eyeball |
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| glucose (sugar) in the urine |
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| shaggy; an excessive growth of hair especiallY in unusual places (e.g.,a woman with a beard) |
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| an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood |
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| an abnormallv low level of calcium in the blood |
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| an abnormally high level of potassium in the blood |
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| deficient level of potassium in the blood |
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| excessive level of sodium ions in the blood |
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| low level of sodium ions in the blood |
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| abnormally increased secretion |
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| ketosis, ketoacidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) |
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| presence of an abnormal amount of ketone bodies (acetone, beta-hydroxybutyric acid, and acetoacetic acid) in the blood and urine indicating an abnormal utilization of carbohydrates as seen in uncontrolled diabetes and starvation |
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Definition
| all chemical processes in the body that result in growth, generation of energy, elimination of waste, and other body functions |
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| collection of signs and symptoms caused by an excessivelevel of cortisol hormone from any cause, such as a result of excessive production by the adrenal gland (often caused by a tumor), or more commonlv as a side effect of treatment with glucocor-ticoid (steroid) hormones such as prednisone for asthma, rheumatoid arlhritis, Iupus or other inflammatory diseases;symptoms include upper body obesity, facial puffiness (moon-shaped appearance), hyperglycemia, weakness, thin and easily bruised skin with stria (stretch marks), hyper-tension,and osteoporosis |
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| excessiveoutput of the adrenal secretion of androgen (male sex hormone) in adult women ou,ing lo tumor or hyperplasia; evidenced by amenorrhea (absenceof menstntation), acne, hirsutism, and deepening of the voice |
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| metabolic disorder caused by an abnormal utilization of insulin secreted by the pancreas; evidenced bv hyperglycemia and glucosuria |
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| hormone secreted by the beta cells of the islets of Langerhans of the pancreas responsible for regulating the metabolism of glucose |
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Definition
| diabetes in which there is no beta cell production of insulin-the patient is dependent on insulin for sur-vival |
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Definition
| diabetes in which the body produces insulin, but not enough, or there is insulin resistance (a defective use of the insulin that is produced)- the patient usually is not dependent on insulin for sur-vival |
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Definition
| condition resulting from an excessive amount of insulin in the blood that draws sugar out of the bloodstream, resulting in hypoglycemia, fainting and convulsions; often caused by an overdose of insulin or by a tumor of the pancreas |
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| inflammation of the pancreas |
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Definition
| hypersecretion of the parathyroid glands, usuallr caused by a tumor |
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Definition
| hyposecretion of the parathyroid glands |
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| considered the master gland because it secretes hormones that regulate the function of other glands, such as the thl,roid gland, adrenal gland= ovaries, and testicles |
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| disease characterized by enlarged features, especially the face and hands, caused by hypersecretion of the pituitary hormone after puberty, when normal bone growth has stopped: most often caused by a pituitary tumor |
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| condition of abnormal increase in urine output most commonly caused by inadequate secretion of pituitary antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin); symptoms include polyuria and polydipsia; urine appears colorless due to the inability of the kidneys to concentrate urine |
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| condition of congenital hyposecretion of growth hormone slowing growth and causing a short yet proportionate stature (not affecting intelligence)- often treated during childhood with growth hormone (Fig. 11.5) Inote: there are many other forms of dwarfism, a condition of being markedly undersized; disproportionate types (short limb or short trrnk) are most often caused by gene defects |
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| condition of hypersecretion of growth hormone during childhood bone development that leads to an abnormal overgrowth of bone, especially of the long bones; most often caused by a pituitary tumor |
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| enlargement of the thyroid gland caused by thyroid dysfunction, tumor, lack of iodine in the diet, or inflammation |
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Term
| hyperthyroidism, Grave's disease, thyrotoxicosis |
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Definition
| condition of hypersecretion of the thyroid gland characterized by exophthalmia, tachycardia, goiter, and tumor |
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| condition of hyposecretion of the thyroid gland causing low thyroid levels in the blood that results in sluggishness, slow pulse, and often obesity |
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| advanced hypothyroidism in adults characterized by sluggishness, slow pulse, puffiness in the hands and face, and dry skin |
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| condition of congenital hypothyroidism in children that results in a lack of mental development and dwarfed physical stature; the thyroid gland is either congenitally absent or imperfectly developed |
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