Term
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Definition
| The participant's behavior prevents the delivery of an aversive stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| trial in a discriminated avoidance procedure in which an avoidance response is made and prevents the delivery of the aversive stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| avoidance conditioning procedure in which occurrences of the aversive stimulus are signaled by a CS. Responding during the CS terminates the CS and prevents the delivery of the aversive US |
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Term
| discriminative punishment |
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Definition
| a procedure in which responding is punished in the presence of a particular stimulus and not punished in the absence of that stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| trial during discriminated avoidance training in which the required avoidance response is not made and the aversive US is presented. Performance of the instrumental response during the stimulus results in termination of the stimulus. |
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Term
| escape from fear (EFF) procedure |
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Definition
| situation in which subjects learn an instrumental response to escape from or terminate a conditioned stimulus that elicits fear. Predicted by the two-process theory of avoidance and provides a coping mechanism for individuals suffering from excessive fear |
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Term
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Definition
| a procedure for extinguishing avoidance behavior in which the CS is presented while the participant is prevented from making the avoidance response |
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Term
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Definition
| same as nondiscriminated avoidance |
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Term
| nondiscriminated avoidance |
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Definition
| avoidance conditioning procedure in which occurrences of the aversive stimulus are not signaled by an external stimulus. The aversive stimulus is presented periodically, as set by the S-S interval. Each occurrence of the avoidance response creates a period of safety determined by the S-R interval. |
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Term
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Definition
| a procedure for discouraging behavior in which the participant is not only required to correct a mistake but is also required to go beyond that. |
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Term
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Definition
| the perceived likelihood of being attacked by a predator |
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Term
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Definition
| instrumental conditioning procedure in which there is a positive contingency between the response and an aversive stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
| interval between the occurrence of an avoidance response and the next scheduled presentation of the aversive stimulus in a nondiscriminated avoidance procedure. sets the duration of safety created by each avoidance response |
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Term
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Definition
| blocking the opportunity to make the avoidance response so that the subject is exposed to a fear stimulus without being able to escape from it |
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Term
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Definition
| a stimulus that signals the absence of an aversive event |
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Term
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Definition
| type of avoidance conditioning procedure in which the required response consists of going back and forth between two sides of an experimental apparatus on successive trials |
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Term
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Definition
| same as discriminated avoidance |
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Term
| species-specific defense reactions (SSDRs) |
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Definition
| species-typical responses animals perform in an aversive situation; may include freezing, fleeing, or fighting |
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Term
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Definition
| interval between successive presentations of the aversive stimulus in a nondiscriminated avoidance procedure when the avoidance response is not performed |
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Term
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Definition
| period during which the opportunity to obtain positive reinforcement is removed |
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Term
| two-process theory of avoidance |
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Definition
| theory originally developed to explain discriminated avoidance learning that presumes the operation of two mechanisms: classical conditioning of fear to the warning signal (CS) and instrumental reinforcement of the avoidance response through termination of the CS and consequent fear reduction |
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