Term
|
Definition
| The focus on the behavior of _____ has enabled applied behavior analysts to discover and refine effective interventions for a wide range of socially significant behavior. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Knowing that the average performance of a _____ has changed may not reveal anything about the performance of individual subjects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To be _____, a treatment must be understood at the level at which people come into contact with it and are affected by it: the individual level. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When repeated measurement reveals significant variability, the researcher should seek to _____ the factors responsible for it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The researcher who attributes the effects of unknown or uncontrolled variables to _____ is unlikely to identify and analyze important variables. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Attempting to cancel out variability through _____ neither eliminates its presence in the data nor controls the variables responsible for it. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To _____ of any variable, a researcher must either hold it constant throughout the experiment or manipulate it as an independent variable. |
|
|
Term
| within-subject experimental designs |
|
Definition
| A great strength of _____ is the convincing demonstration of a functional relation made possible by replication within the design itself. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The overall performance of a group is _____ in many situations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When group results do not represent individual performances, researchers should supplement group data with _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When the behavior analyst _____ experimental setting or identify individual subjects, the dependent variable must consist of the responses made by individuals who enter the experimental setting. |
|
|
Term
| effectively and convincingly |
|
Definition
| A good experimental design is any sequence and type of independent variable manipulations that produces data that _____ address the research question. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To investigate a research question of interest, an experimenter must often build an experimental design that employs a combination of _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The most effective experimental designs use _____ of data from individual subjects as the basis for employing the three elements of baseline logic - prediction, verification and replication. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Experiments that demonstrate a clear functional relation between the independent variable and the target behavior are said to have a high degree of _____. |
|
|
Term
| Determine the strength of an experimental design |
|
Definition
The degree to which it
(a) - demonstrates a reliable effect
(b) - eliminates or reduces the possibility that factors other than the independent variable produced the behavior change. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The phrase control of behavior is technically inaccurate because the experimenter controls only some aspect of the subject's _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A confounding variable is an _____ known or suspected to have exerted an influence on the dependent variable. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _____ is the primary means by which applied behavior analysts assess the degree of experimental control. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
_____ can be viewed as related primarily to one of four elements of an experiment:
- subject
- setting
- measurement of the dependent variable
- independent variable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A placebo control is designed to separate any effects that may be produced by a subject's _____ of improvement as a result of receiving treatment from the effects actually produced by the treatment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| With a double-blind control procedure neither the subject(s) nor the observers know when the _____ is present or absent. |
|
|
Term
| Treatment integrity & Procedural Fidelity |
|
Definition
| _____ refer to the extent to which the independent variable is implemented or carried out as planned. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Low treatment integrity invites a major source of _____ into an experiment, making it difficult, if not impossible, to interpret the results with confidence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| One threat to treatment integrity, _____, occurs when application of the independent variable during later phases of an experiment differs from the way the treatment was applied at the outset of the study. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Achieving a high level of treatment integrity begins with an _____ of treatment procedures. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Treatments that are simple, precise, and brief, and that require relatively little effort are ____ to be delivered with consistency than those that are not. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Researchers _____ assume that a person's general competence or experience in the experimental setting, or that providing the intervention agent with detailed written instructions or a script, will ensure a high degree of treatment integrity. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Treatment integrity (or procedural fidelity) data measure the extent to which the _____ of experimental procedures matches their descriptions in the method section of a report. |
|
|
Term
| Three ways social validity of ABA can be assessed |
|
Definition
- social significance of the target behavior
- appropriateness of the procedures
- social importance of the results |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Social validity assessments are most often accomplished by seeking _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _____ can be determined empirically by assessing the performance of individuals judged to be highly competent, and experimentally manipulating different levels of performance to determine socially valid outcomes. |
|
|
Term
| scales and questionnaires |
|
Definition
| Several _____ for obtaining consumers' opinions of the acceptability of behavioral interventions have been developed. |
|
|
Term
| Methods for assessing Social Validity of Outcomes |
|
Definition
(a) - comparing participants' performance to the performance of a normative sample
(b) - using a standardized assessment instrument
(c) - asking consumers to rate the social validity of participants' performance
(d) - asking experts to evaluate participants' performance
(e) - testing participants' newly learned level of performance in the natural environment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ____ refers to the degree to which a functional relation found reliable and socially valid in a given experiment will hold under different conditions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The proper inferences about the results of a groups-design study are from the sample to the ____, not from the sample to the individual. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Because a groups-design experiment does not demonstrate a functional relation between the behavior of any subject and some aspect of his or her environment, the external validity of the results is _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Although groups-comparison designs and tests of statistical significance are necessary and effective tools for certain types of research questions, they have contributed little to an effective technology of _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The generality of research findings in applied behavior analysis is assessed, established, and specified by the _____ of experiments. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In ____ the researcher makes every effort to duplicate exactly the conditions of an earlier experiment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In _____ the researcher purposefully varies one or more aspects of an earlier experiment. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When a systematic replication successfully reproduces the results of previous research, it not only demonstrates the reliability of the earlier findings but also adds to the external validity of the earlier findings by showing that the same outcome can be produced under different _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Systematic replications occur in both planned and unplanned ways through the work of many experimenters in a given area, and they result in a body of knowledge with significant _____ and technological value. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The _____ of an applied behavior analysis study may be evaluated by seeking answers to a sequence of questions related to the internal validity, social validity, external validity, and the scientific and theoretical significance of the study. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A _____ occurs when a researcher concludes that the independent variable had an effect on the dependent variable when it did not. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A _____ occurs when a researcher concludes that the independent variable did not have an effect on the dependent variable when it did. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _____ effectively identifies variables that produce strong, large, and reliable effects, which contribute to an effective and robust technology of behavior change. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| _____ detects the slightest possible correlations between the independent and dependent variables, which may lead to the identification and inclusion of weak and unreliable variables in technology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A study can demonstrate a functional relation between the independent variable and a socially important target behavior - and thus be significant from an _____ - yet contribute little to the advancement of the field. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Only when all of the variables influencing a functional relation have been identified and accounted for can an analysis be considered _____. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When evaluating the _____ of a research report, readers should consider the technological description of the experiment, the interpretation and discussion of the results, and the level of conceptual sense and integrity. |
|
|
