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Ch 10
Musculoskeletal System
121
Medical
Undergraduate 3
10/29/2015

Additional Medical Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
appendage
Definition
Any body part attached to a main structure
Term
Articulation
Definition
Place of union between two or more bones; also called joint
Term
cancellous
Definition
Lattice-like arrangement of bony plates occurring at the ends of long bones
Term
cruciate ligaments
Definition
Ligaments that cross each other, forming an X within the notch between the femoral condyles
Term
hematopoeisis
Definition
Production and development of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow
Term
Adduction
Definition
moves closer to the midline
Term
Abduction
Definition
moves away from the midline
Term
Flexion
Definition
decreases the angle at a joint
Term
extension
Definition
increases the angle at a joint
Term
rotation
Definition
moves a bone around its own axis
Term
Pronation
Definition
turns the palm down
Term
supination
Definition
turns the palm up
Term
Inversion
Definition
moves the sole of the foot inward
Term
eversion
Definition
moves the sole of the foot outward
Term
Dorsiflexion
Definition
elevates the foot
Term
plantar flexion
Definition
lowers the foot (points the toes)
Term
ankyl/o
Definition
stiffness; bent, crooked
Term
arthr/o
Definition
joint
Term
kyph/o
Definition
humpback
Term
lamin/o
Definition
lamina (part of the vertebral arch)
Term
lord/o
Definition
curve, swayback
Term
myel/o
Definition
bone marrow, spinal cord
Term
orth/o
Definition
straight
Term
oste/o
Definition
bone
Term
ped/o
ped/i
Definition
foot; child
Term
scoli/o
Definition
crooked, bent
Term
thorac/o
Definition
chest
Term
acromi/o
Definition
acromion (projection of the scapula)
Term
brachi/o
Definition
arm
Term
calcane/o
Definition
calcaneum (heel bone)
Term
carp/o
Definition
carpus (wrist bone)
Term
cephal/o
Definition
head
Term
cervic/o
Definition
neck; cervix uteri (neck of the uterus)
Term
clavicul/o
Definition
clavicle (collar bone)
Term
cost/o
Definition
ribs
Term
crani/o
Definition
cranium (skull)
Term
dactyl/o
Definition
fingers; toes
Term
femor/o
Definition
femur (thigh bone)
Term
fibul/o
Definition
fibula (smaller bone of the lower leg)
Term
humer/o
Definition
humerus (upper arm bone)
Term
ili/o
Definition
ilium (lateral, flaring portion of the hip bone)
Term
ischi/o
Definition
ischium (lower portion of the hip bone)
Term
lumb/o
Definition
loins (lower back)
Term
metacarp/o
Definition
metacarpus (hand bones)
Term
metatars/o
Definition
metatarsus (foot bones)
Term
patell/o
Definition
patella (knee cap)
Term
pelv/i
Definition
pelvis
Term
phalang/o
Definition
phalanges (bones of the fingers and toes)
Term
pod/o
Definition
foot
Term
pub/o
Definition
pelvis bone (anterior part of the pelvic bone)
Term
radi/o
Definition
radiation, x-ray; radius (lower arm bone on the thumb side
Term
spondyl/o
vertebr/o
Definition
vertebrae (back bone)
Term
stern/o
Definition
sternum (breastbone)
Term
tibi/o
Definition
tibia (larger bone of the lower leg)
Term
leiomy/o
Definition
smooth muscle (visceral)
Term
rhabd/o
Definition
rod-shaped (striated)
Term
rhabdomy/o
Definition
rod-shaped (striated) muscle
Term
chondr/o
Definition
cartilage
Term
fasci/o
Definition
band, fascia (fibrous membrane supporting and separating muscles)
Term
fibr/o
Definition
fiber/fibrous tissue
Term
synov/o
Definition
synovial membrane, synovial fluid
Term
ten/o
tend/o
tendin/o
Definition
tendon
Term
-asthenia
Definition
weakness, debility
Term
-blast
Definition
embryonic cell
Term
-clasia
Definition
to break; surgical fx
Term
-clast
Definition
to break; surgical fx
Term
-desis
Definition
binding, fixation (of a bone of joint)
Term
-malacia
Definition
softening
Term
-physis
Definition
growth
Term
-porosis
Definition
porous
Term
-sarcoma
Definition
malignant tumor of connective tissue
Term
syn-
Definition
union, together, joined
Term
ankylosis
Definition
Stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion
Term
bunion (hallux valgus)
Definition
Deformity characterized by lateral deviation of the great toe as it turns in toward the second toe (angulation), which may cause the tissues surrounding the joint to become swollen and tender
Term
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
Definition
Painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel (wrist canal through which the flexor tendons and the median nerve pass
Term
Claudication
Definition
Lameness, limping
Term
Contracture
Definition
Fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint.
Term
crepitation
Definition
Dry, grating, sound of sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction
Term
exacerbation
Definition
increase in severity of a disease or any of its sx; also called flare
Term
ganglion cyst
Definition
Fluid-filled tumor that most commonly develops along the tendons or joint of the wrists or hands, but may also appear in the feet.
Term
hemarthrosis
Definition
Effusion of blood into a joint cavity
Term
herniated disk
Definition
Rupture of a vertebral disk's center (nucleus pulposus) through its outer edge and back toward the spinal canal with pressure on the adjacent spinal nerve that results in pain, numbness, or weakness in one or both legs.
Term
hypotonia
Definition
Loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching
Term
multiple myeloma
Definition
Malignant tumor of plasma cells (cells that help the body fight infection by producing abx) in the bone marrow
Term
Phantom limb
Definition
Perceived sensation, following amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists
Term
rickets
Definition
form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency; also called rachitis
Term
Sequestrum
Definition
Fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue
Term
Spondylolisthesis
Definition
Any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it
Term
Spondylosis
Definition
Degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues
Term
sprain
Definition
tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete
Term
strain
Definition
muscular trauma caused by violent contraction or an excessive forcible stretch
Term
subluxation
Definition
Partial or incomplete dislocation
Term
talipes equinovarus
Definition
Congenital deformity of one of both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to the side; also called clubfoot
Term
electromyography
Definition
Use of electrical stimulation to dx the health of muscles and the nerve cells that control them (motor neurons)
Term
reduction
Definition
procedure that restores a bone to its normal position
Term
closed reduction
Definition
reduction in which fractures bones are realigned by manipulation rather than surgery
Term
open reduction
Definition
reduction in which fx bones are placed in their proper position during surgery
Term
bone immobilization
Definition
procedure used to restrict movement, stabilize, and protect a fx, and facilitate the healing process
Term
casting bone immobilization
Definition
bone immobilization by application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or similar material
Term
splinting bone immobilization
Definition
bone immobilization by application of an orthopedic device to the injured body part
Term
traction bone immobilization
Definition
bone immobilization by application of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize a fx
Term
amputation
Definition
Partial or complete removal of an extremity due to trauma or a circulatory disease
Term
arthrocentesis
Definition
puncture of a joint space using a needle to remove accumulated fluids
Term
arthroclasia
Definition
Surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement
Term
arthroscopy
Definition
visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope that contains a magnifying lens, fiberoptic light, and miniature camera that projects images on a monitor
Term
bone grafting
Definition
Implantation of transplantation to bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue
Term
bursectomy
Definition
Excision of bursa (pad-like sac or cavity found in connective tissue, usually i the vicinity of joints.
Term
laminectomy
Definition
excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra
Term
prosthesis fitting
Definition
replacement of a missing part of an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity
Term
revision surgery
Definition
surgery repeated to correct problems of a previously unsuccessful surgery or to replace a worn-out prosthesis
Term
bone revision surgery
Definition
revision surgery to correct misalignment of bones, broken prosthesis, and bone fx occurring around the prosthesis
Term
sequestrectomy
Definition
excision of a sequestrum (segment of a necrosed bone)
Term
synovectomy
Definition
excision of a synovial membrane
Term
total hip replacement (THR)
Definition
surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis
Term
arthrography
Definition
series of radiographs taken after injection of contrast material into a joint cavity, especially the knee or shoulder, to outline the contour of the joint
Term
bone density test (bone densitometry)
Definition
Noninvasive procedure that uses low-energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density (BMD) and usually measures bones of the spine, hip, and forearm; also called dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)
Term
Discography
Definition
Radiological examination of the intervertebral disk structures with injection of a contrast medium
Term
lumbosacral spinal radiography
Definition
Radiography of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae, including anteroposterior, lateral, ad oblique views of the lower spine
Term
myelography
Definition
radiography of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral disks, or other lesions
Term
scintigraphy
Definition
Nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes various tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide
Term
bone scintigraphy
Definition
Scintigraphy in which the radionuclide is injected intravenously and taken up into the bone
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