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| thick, outermost layer of meninges surrounding and protecting the brain and spinal cord |
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| spinal cord (or bone marrow) |
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| nerve root (of spinal nerves) |
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| excessive sensitivity to pain |
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| feeling, nervous sensation |
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| slight paralysis (weakness) |
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| fainting (inadequate flow of blood to brain) |
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| abnormal accumulation of fluid (CSF) in brain |
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| congenital defect in lumbar spinal column caused by imperfect union of vertebral arts (neural tube defect) |
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| brain disorder marked by gradual deterioration of mental capacity (demintia) beginning in middle age |
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| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) |
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| degenerative disease in motor neurons in the spinal cord and brainstem; motor neuron disease |
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| chronic brain disorder characterized by recurrent seizure activity |
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| abnormal, sudden exessive discharge of electrical activity within the brain |
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| tonic-clonic seizures (ictal events) |
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| sudden loss of consciousness with stiffening (tonic contractions and then clonic contractions (twitching)-often preceded by aura |
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| absence seizures (petit mal seizures) |
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| minor form of seizure--clouding of consciousness and loss of contact with environment momentarily |
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| destruction of myelin sheath on neurons in CNS and its replacement by plaques of sclerotic tissue |
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| neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness of voluntary muscles |
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| degeneration of nerves in basal ganglia, occuring in laterl ife and leading to tremors, weakness of muscles and slowness of movement |
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| partial paralysis and lack of musclular coordination caused by loss of oxygen or blood flow to cerebrum during gestation |
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| paralysis on one side of face |
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| involuntary, spasmadic, twitching movements; uncontrollable vocal sounds and inappropriate words |
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| viral infection affectng peripheral nerves (same virus that causes chicken pox) |
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| gliomas--a type is an astrocytoma. Gliobastoma multiforme is most malignant form of astrocytoma -- Meningioma--usually benign--however cause compression of brain--they are surrounded by a capsule |
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| brief loss of consciousness after injury, usually clears within 24 hrs., no evidence of structural damage--more severe may lead to coma |
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| bruising of brain tissue as result of direct trauma to head--neurological deficits persist for more than 24 hours--usually associated with a skull fracture--subdural and epidural hematomas occur and can lead to permanent brain injury and epilepsy |
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| CVA- cerebrovascular accident |
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| disruption in normal blood supply to brain; stroke |
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| blood clot in arteries leading to brain resulting in occulsion (blocking) of vessel |
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| TIA- transient ischemia attacks |
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| mini stroke; short episodes of neurological dysfuntion |
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| a dislodged thrombus (embolus) travels to cerebral arteries and occludes (blocks) small vessel; occurs suddenly |
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| blood vessel breaks and bleeding occurs; can be fatal |
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| to treat thrombotic stroke |
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| clot dissolving (anticoagulant) drug therapy--(tPA--tissue plasminogen activator) if started within 3 hours of onset of stroke; also surgically treated with a carotid endarterectomy (removal of plaque from inner lining of carotid artery) |
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| weakening of a blood vessel; can lead to hemorrhage and stroke |
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| malignant tumor of glial brain cells |
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| peculiar sensation appearing before more definite symptoms |
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| mental decline and deterioration |
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| a mass (clot) of material travels through bloodstream suddenly blocking a vessel |
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| relieving of symptoms but not curing |
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| xray images of blood vessel system in brain w/ contrast |
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| doppler/ultrasound studies |
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| using soundwaves to detect blood flow in carotid and intercranial arteries |
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| CSF is withdrawn from between two lumbar vertebrae |
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