Term
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Definition
| goal to return damaged ecosystems to some set of conditions considered functional, sustainable, and "natural" |
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Term
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Definition
steady-state stage that would persist indefinitely
fixed, classic condition |
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Term
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Definition
cycling of chemical elements
the flow of energy
maintenance of biological diversity |
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Term
| total wetland loss of U.S. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
once occupied more land in U.S. than any other ecosystems
today, a few remnants remain |
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Term
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Definition
narrow strips along roadway not plowed and still remain
reservoir for native plants |
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Term
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Definition
| process of development of an ecological community or ecosystem, in a series of stages |
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Term
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Definition
initial establishment of an ecosystem not previously existed
ex: volcano erupts, covers landscape, nothing grows |
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Term
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Definition
reestablishment of an ecosystem
starts from something |
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Term
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Definition
first plant species prepare the way for the other species to grow in dune and bog succession
helps with restoration |
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Term
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Definition
certain early species interfere with the entrance of other species
does not last forever |
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Term
| seed dispersal (life history differences) |
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Definition
| early-successional species are readily transported by wind or animals. reach clearing and grow faster than seeds of late-successional species |
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Term
| world's land as agriculture |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| farmers feed pigs reese cups, fries, etc, because of competition with crops grown directly to be turned into fuel |
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Term
| 2004 tsunami affect on agriculture |
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Definition
| destroyed rice fields, etc, making it hard to keep the production of agriculture up with human population; also because of distribution |
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Term
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Definition
lack of specific chemical components of food, such as protein, vitamins, or other essential chemical elements
long term, insidious |
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Term
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Definition
lack of sufficient calories in available food, so one has little or no ability to move or work and eventually dies from lack of energy
obvious, dramatic, fast-acting |
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Term
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Definition
| name of post WWII programs that led to development of better resistance to disease, a new strain of crops with higher yield, and a better ability to grow under poor conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| grown for domestic animals |
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Term
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Definition
| provides food for grazing and browsing animals without plowing and planting |
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Term
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Definition
| plowed, planted and harvested to provide forage |
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Term
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Definition
the farming food in aquatic habitats
more sustainable |
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Term
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Definition
| the farming of food in marine habitats |
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Term
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Definition
the use of scientific research in ecosystem management
knowing it well in order to manage properly |
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Term
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Definition
| plant a mixture of crops and/or a broad range of genotypes |
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Term
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Definition
| a series of different crops planted successively in the same field, with the field occasionally left fallow, or grown with a cover crop |
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Term
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Definition
| limiting something will prohibit growth |
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Term
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Definition
| the growing of plants in a fertilized water solution on a completely artificial substrate in an artificial environment, such as a greenhouse |
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Term
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Definition
better irrigation techniques could improve crop yield and reduce overall water use
hydroponics will not reach areas where hunger is great |
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Term
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Definition
| more like nature ecosystem than monoculture, minimizes negative environmental impacts and the food that results does not contain artificial compounds |
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Term
| eating lower on the food chain |
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Definition
| eating each step up on the food change leaves much less food to eat per acre, therefore it is better to eat lower |
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Term
| eating lower on the food chain |
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Definition
| animals are a major source of protein, and minerals ad are used for plowing, and carrying loads |
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Term
genetically modified crops
GMC's |
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Definition
| crop species modified by genetic engineering to produce higher crop yields and increase resistance to drought, cold, heat, toxins, plant pests, and disease |
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Term
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Definition
| climate change can increase or decrease yield |
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Term
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Definition
1930s
occurred because of a drought and over use of land |
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Term
| genetically modified crops |
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Definition
| faster, more effective development of new hybrids, intro of the terminator gene, transfer of genetic properties from widely divergent kinds of life |
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Term
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Definition
makes seeds from a crop sterile
prevents spreading
bad for under-developed countries |
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Term
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Definition
| concern of political, social, and environmental effects of genetic modification of crops |
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Term
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Definition
| deserts occur naturally where too little water for substantial plant growth |
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Term
| preventing desertification |
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Definition
| detection of symptoms of salt content of soil, reduced surface water, increased erosion and loss of vegetation |
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Term
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Definition
| agriculture changes land cover, fossil fuels increase CO2 and clearing land for agriculture speeds decomposition, transferring carbon into CO2 |
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Term
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Definition
land is plowed perpendicular to slopes and as horizontally as possible
reduces soil erosion |
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Term
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Definition
not plowing the land, using herbicides to kill some weeds and allowing the rest to grow
reduces release of CO2
reduces effects of global warming |
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Term
| integrated pest management |
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Definition
uses biological control, certain chemical pesticides, and some methods of planting crops
does less to damage ecosystem, soil, water and air |
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Term
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Definition
50% of Earth's land is used as this
arid: easily damaged by grazing, especially during drought |
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Term
| minimum viable population |
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Definition
| estimated smallest population that can maintain itself and its genetic variability indefinitely |
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Term
| maximum sustainable yield |
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Definition
| population size that yielded maximum production that would allow this population to be sustained indefinitely without decreasing its ability to provide the same level of production |
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Term
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Definition
| maximum number of species per unit area that can persist without decreasing the ability of that population or its ecosystem to maintain that density in the future |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when a species disappears from a part of its range but persists elsewhere |
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Term
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Definition
| a species can no longer be found anywhere |
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Term
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Definition
| area that is biologically isolated so a species living there cannot mix with any other population of the same species |
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