Term
| Information Systems Strategy Triangle |
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Definition
| relates BUSINESS STRATEGY with IS STRATEGY and ORGANIZATIONAL STRATEGY |
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Term
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Definition
| situation in which a company's current and emerging business strategy is enabled, supported, and unconstrained by technology |
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Definition
| Technology not only enables buiness strategy but also anticipates and shapes future business strategy |
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Term
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Definition
| Exhibiting a state in which business strategy and technology strategy are intertwined and the leadership team members operate interchangeably |
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Term
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Definition
| coordinated set of actions to fulfill objectives, purposes, and goals |
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Term
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Definition
| clear & compelling statement that unifies an organization's effort and describes what the firm is all about (i.e. its purpose) |
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Definition
| plan articulating where a business seeks to go and how it expects to get there |
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Term
| Porter's Generic Strategies |
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Definition
Three Primary strategies for ACHIEVING COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE:
COST LEADERSHIP
DIFFERENTIATION
FOCUS |
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Term
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Definition
| Organization aim's to be the lowest-cost producer in the marketplace |
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Term
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Definition
| The organization qualifies its product or service in a way that allows it to appear unique in the marketplace |
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Term
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Definition
| allows an organization to limit its scope to a narrower segment of the market and tailor its offerings to that group of customers |
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Definition
| holds that the TIMING of the use of SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE can create a differentiation advantage as long as the knowledge remains unique |
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Term
| Unlimited Resources Model |
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Definition
utilizes a large base of resources that allows an organization to outlast competitors by practicing a differentiation strategy.
DEEP POCKET STRATEGY
short term advantage only |
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Term
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Definition
the speed and aggressiveness of the moves and countermoves in any given market create an environment in which advantages are rapidly created and eroded.
See D'Aveni's hypercompetition model (7 S's) |
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Term
| D'Aveni's Disruption Framework |
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Definition
Signalling strategic intent
superior stakeholder satisfaction
shifting rules of competition
positioning for surprise
positioning for speed
strategic soothsaying
simultaneous and sequential strategic thrusts |
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Term
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Definition
| Organization's design as well as the choices it makes to define, set up, coordinate, and control its work processes |
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Term
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Definition
identifies the crucial components of an organization's plan as its
BUSINESS PROCESSES
TASKS & STRUCTURES
MANAGEMENT & MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS
VALUES & BELIEFS |
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Term
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Definition
used by decision makers to effect changes in their organizations
ORGANIZATIONAL VARIABLES
CONTROL VARIABLES
CULTURE VARIABLES |
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Term
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Definition
| plan an organization uses to provide information services. |
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Term
| Information Systems Strategy Matrix |
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Definition
relates the 4 infastructure components and the other resource considerations that are key to the IS Strategy:
HARDWARE
SOFTWARE
NETWORKING
DATA |
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Term
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Definition
| the available data, technology, people, and processes within an organization to be used by the manager to perform business processes and tasks |
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Term
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Definition
| anything, tangible or intangible, that can be used by a firm in its processes for creating, producing, and/or offering its products |
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Term
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Definition
something that is learned or developed over time for the firm to create, produce, or offer its products.
Makes it possible for the firm to use its IT assets effectively. |
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Term
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Definition
| Term given to the Internet and its applications that support collaboration, social networking, social media, RSS, mashups, and a number of other information sharing tools |
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Term
| 3 Major categories of IT capabilities |
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Definition
TECHNICAL SKILLS
IT MANAGEMENT SKILLS
RELATIONSHIP SKILLS |
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Term
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Definition
Base foundation of the IT portfolio shared through the firm
(hardware, software, network, data, web based services) |
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Term
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Definition
| Data that is logically related and organized in a structured form accessible and usable for decision making purposes |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability applied to designing, developing, and implementing information systems |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to manage IT function and IT projects |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability of IS specialists to work with parties outside the IS department |
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Term
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Definition
| the value of a network node to a person or organization in the network increases when another joins the network |
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Term
| Porter's 5 competitive forces model |
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Definition
major influences in a firm's competitive environment:
POTENTIAL THREATS OF NEW ENTRANTS
BARGAINING POWER OF BUYERS
BARGAINING POWER OF SUPPLIERS
THREAT OF SUBSTITUTE PRODUCTS
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Term
| Porter's Value chain model |
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Definition
addresses activities that create, deliver, and support a product or service.
PRIMARY ACTIVITIES
SUPPORT ACTIVITIES
*suggests that competitions stems from LOWERING THE COSTS TO PERFORM ACTIVITIES & ADDING VALUE TO A PRODUCT OR SERVICE SO BUYERS WILL PAY MORE |
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Term
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Definition
| Create a stronghold by offering products or services that are difficult to displace in the eyes of customers based on apparently unique features |
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Term
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Definition
Make it less attractive for customers to purchase from competitors
*information resources can build switching costs* |
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Term
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Definition
| relate directly to the value created in a product or service |
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Term
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Definition
| make it possible for the primary activities to exist and remain coordinated |
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Term
| Customer Relationship Management (CRM) |
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Definition
A coordinated set of activities designated to learn more about a customers' needs and behaviors to develop stronger relationships with them and to enhance their value chains.
Management activities performed to obtain, enhance relationships with, and retain customers. |
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Term
| Supply Chain Management (SCM) |
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Definition
| an approach that improves the way a company finds raw components it needs to make a product or service, manufactures that product or service, and delivers it to customers |
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Term
| Resource-based view (RBV) |
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Definition
view maintains that competitive advantage comes from the information and other resources of the firm.
Concentrates on what adds value to the firm. |
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Term
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Definition
| an interorganizational relationship that affords one or more companies in the relationship a strategic advantage |
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Term
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Definition
| individuals in two or more companies talk with one another and try to understand what each individual is seeking--both as a representative of a company and also as a person with individual goals |
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Term
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Definition
| Formal or informal agreements tha call for one party to deliver a product or service and to receive payment in return |
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Term
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Definition
| the product is delivered and payment is received |
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Term
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Definition
| both parties assess what happened during negotiating, whether successful, whether worth repeating |
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Term
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Definition
| strategy whereby companies cooperate and compete at the same time with companies in its value net |
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Term
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Definition
company
competitors
complementors
customers
suppliers |
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Term
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Definition
the organization's design &
managerial choices that define, set up, coordinate, and control work processes |
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Term
| 4 primary components of an organization |
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Definition
Business Processes
Tasks & Structures
Management and Measurement Systems
Values & Beliefs |
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Term
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Definition
| indicate who in the organization has the responsibility to initiate, supply information for, approve, implement, and control various types of decisions |
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Term
| Formal reporting relationships |
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Definition
structure set up to ensure coordination among all units within the organization;
reflects allocation of decision rights |
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Term
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Definition
| Mechanisms, such as ad hoc groups, which work to coordinate and transfer information outside the formal reporting relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| the facts collected, stored, and used by an organization |
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Term
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Definition
| The processes by which future direction is established, communicated, and implemented |
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Term
| Performance measurement and evaluation |
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Definition
| set of measures that are used to assess success in the execution of plans and the processes by which such measures are used to improve the quality of work |
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Term
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Definition
| monetary and nonmonetary devices used to motivate behavior within an organization |
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Term
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Definition
set of implicit and explicit beliefs that underlies decisions made and actions taken;
reflects aspirations about the way things should be done |
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Term
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Definition
organizational form based onthe concepts of division of labor, specialization, and unity of command.
Decision rights are highly specified and centralizes.
Middle Managers |
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Term
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Definition
| structure that groups common activities together |
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Term
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Definition
| cuts across functional lines and, instead, organizes according to outputs. |
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Term
| Flat Organizational structure |
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Definition
decision making is centralizes
power residing in owner or founder
respond quickly
decision rights may not be clearly defined |
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Term
| Matrix Organizational Structure |
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Definition
assigns workers to two or more supervisors in an effort to make sure multiple dimensions of the business are integrated
Each supervisor directs a different aspect of an employee's work
Frustrating or Confusing |
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Term
| Networked Organizational Structure |
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Definition
Both Flat and Hierarchical
Formal and informal communication networks
highly decentralized decision making rights
utilize distributed information and communication systems
share knowledge and experience |
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Term
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Definition
technology based/orientted
work is coordinated automatically
Technology integrated with all components of the business |
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Term
| Management Control Process |
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Definition
Data Collection
Evaluation
Communication |
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Term
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Definition
| shared set of values and beliefs about what is desirable and undesirable in a community of people |
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Term
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Definition
| perceptions that people hold about how things are done in their community |
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Term
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Definition
| reflect the community's aspirations about the way things should be done |
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Term
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Definition
| Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness research program |
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Term
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Definition
uncertainty avoidance
power distance
collectivisom 1: societal collectivism
collectivism 2: In-Group collectivism
General Egalitarianism
assertiveness
future orientation
performance orientation
humane orientation |
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Term
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Definition
Results Only Work Environment
flextime strategy best buy |
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Term
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Definition
structure that makes it possible for individuals to work for an organization and live anywhere
NETWORKED (everyone has access to everyone else's work) |
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Term
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Definition
E-Mail
a way of transmitting messages over communication networks |
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Term
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Definition
Users subscribe
when a user sends a message to the server a copy of the message is sent to everyone on the list |
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Term
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Definition
comprised of information used EXCLUSIVELY with A company and unavailable to the general public via the internet
(i.e. MyNova) |
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Term
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Definition
| Internet Protocol (IP) based application that provides convenient communication between people using a variety of different device types, including computer-to-computer and mobile devices |
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Term
| Voice Over Protocol (VoIP) |
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Definition
| method for taking analog and audio signals and turning them into digital data that can be transmitted over the internet |
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Term
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Definition
| set of interactive telecommunication technologies which allow two or more locations to interact via two-way video and simultaneous audio |
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Term
| Unified Communications (UC) |
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Definition
| evolving communications technology architecture which automates and unifies all forms of human and device communications in context and with a common experience |
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Term
| Really Simple Syndication (RSS) |
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Definition
| refers to a structured file format for porting data from one platform or information system to another |
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Term
| Extensible Markup Language |
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Definition
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Term
| Virtual Private Network (VPN) |
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Definition
| private network that uses a public network such as the Internet to connect remote sites or users |
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Term
| Secure Socket Layer (SSL) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| transferring a copy of a file from one computer to another on the Internet |
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Term
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Definition
| Web-based service that allows its members to create a public profile with their interests and expertise, post text and pictures and all manner of data, list other users with whom they share a connection, and view and communicate openly or privately within the system |
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Term
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Definition
| computer-based simulated environment intended for its users to inhabit and interact via avatars |
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Term
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Definition
(BLOGS)
online journals that link together into a very large network of information sharing |
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Term
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Definition
software that allows users to work collaboratively to create, edit, and link web pages easily
those with access to the wiki can contribute or modify the content |
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Term
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Definition
| software that enables group members to work together on a project, even from remote locations, by allowing them to simultaneously access the same files |
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Term
| Electronic Employmee Monitoring |
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Definition
| Replaces direct supervision by automatically tracking certain activities |
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Term
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Definition
| work arrangements with employers that allow employees to work from home, at a constomer site, or from other convenient locations instead of coming into the corporate office |
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Term
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Definition
| work from wherever they are |
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Term
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Definition
| foreign outsourcing of software development and computer services |
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Term
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Definition
| geographically and/or organizationally dispersed coworkers that are assembled using a combination of telecommunications and information technologies to accomplish an organizational task |
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