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Definition
*first sighting of hyperlinks
*studies in prgrammed learning, after WWII |
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| Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) |
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Definition
*launched in response to Sputnik
*focused on computer networking and communications tech
*developed firt US satellite in 18mthts |
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*prototypes online system (NLS) hypertext brwsing, editing, email
*invents mouse |
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*terms-hypetext&hypermedia
*computer baised system that was platform independent, niversal and mulit-protocol |
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*CERN wrote a program to link b.w arbitary nodes
*proposal for hypertext communications system, infromation managment:a proposal
*developed world wide web |
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*developed mosaic for X Windows - 1st browser
*Mosaic ->Netscape communications corps |
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| commercialization, load on 1st web erver (info.cern.ch) 1000x better than 3 years earlier |
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Definition
global- can be reached from anywhere
universal - covers everythting imaginable
time.independent - always there
dynamic - change each time you're there
real.time information resource - library? yeahright |
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connection/access
cost for access & spacec/services
speed/bandwidth
technology compatibility
content/author validity
universality |
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*subset of the internet
* composed of various protocols(rules for data trasnfer/comm)
*internet includes
-web - http or hyper transfer protocol
-ftp - file trasnfer protocol |
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Term
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Definition
interconnected computers, info sent using TCP/IP
2 protocols
1-transmission control protocol (data assemble/disassem.)
2-internet protocol - routing
using IP addresses & domain name servers, URLS |
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| what does the browser do? |
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Definition
1looks up server
2request data
3server sends content
4conent is recieved
5rendering of content |
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| what is HTML? HyperText Markup Language |
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Definition
*ASCII (text based)
*subset of Standrd Generlied MArkup Language (SGML)
*html file is a plan text file
*html = .html or .htm
*html can be created with a text editor
*markup language not a formatting language
*read by many different apps
*identifies various parts of the document
*provides general rules for the layout of page
*.gif, .png, .jpg |
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| what is XHTML? extensible hypertext markup language? |
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Definition
-html w/ rules for formatting
-XML based
-designed to work with XML based user agents
-conforms to html & xhtml |
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Definition
1-based on strict dtd - omits deprecated tags/attributes
2-transitional dtd - less restrictive
3-framest dtd-trans dtd +frames support |
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Definition
| keywords that identify content in a document as of a particular type |
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Definition
| tags optional settigns the can be defined, all have defualt value |
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or
![]() |
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Definition
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| special characters as ASCII codes or specific keyword & or #, creaes a non-breaking space |
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Definition
| tags required in evey document, define sections of an html document |
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Definition
| tags that canbe used in th |
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Definition
| tags designed to frmat blocks of text, easily identfiiable by the carraige return/lline feed that follows them. |
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Definition
tags designed to format words or phrases
1-logical text tags - descriptive strong>
2.physical - formating b> |
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| wellformdness constraints |
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Definition
-XML standards, makes HTML ->XHTML
one root element (doc element)
all tags must be properly nested & closed
all values in quotes
all element tags lowercase/case sensitive |
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Definition
| HTML always changing, old browser not = new tags, deprecated browser specific |
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Term
| 2 biggest bisual design issues |
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Definition
resolution -sharpness/clarity(dots per inch DPI, pixels PPI)
color depth - # of distinct colors that can be represented by a piece of harware of software, bit depth, color fidelity |
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Definition
| bandwidth - amout of data that can be transmitted in a fixed amout of time, bits per second, kilobits per second |
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Definition
| lowest common denominator, current version design, provide multiple versious, various combo of the two, design for upper 84% |
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| dealing w/ resolution - 2 issues |
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Definition
1screen resolution-physical pixel size of the grpahical representation fo the signal output from the video card
2color differences-b.w platforms (MAC vs. PC), b.w monitors, color settings(different bits, 32-bit, 24-bit..etc) |
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| 2 ways to deal with color |
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Definition
1.amount of color determines file format used
2.elements directly rendered defined in HTML (teext,links..) |
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Definition
color components - red, green, RGB, 255
color attributes - hue, saturation, 88%
RGB values ->decimal representtion base 16 (hexa) 0-9 then a-f |
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Definition
appear true to its original hue, saturation, brightness
3 websafe=hexadecimal |
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Definition
| stimulates as closely as possible the same number of colors that would be viewed in the real world. |
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| web design issues solved! |
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Definition
| learn to variable design, for flexibility, deign around standard machine fonts, create bitmap of text, font embeddding? |
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Definition
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Definition
| composed of picture elements(picels) |
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Definition
| composed of objects (poins, lines, arcs, polygons) |
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| 3 attributes of raster graphics |
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Definition
1-resolution (pixels/inch), visual clarity, make it match actual
2.color depth - # of bits available for describg 1 pixel, bit depth
3.file size-size, resoluion & bit depth for un conmpressed files |
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Definition
| filze size=((resolution)^2*width*height*bitdepth/ 8,192 |
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| how to prepare an image for the WWW |
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Definition
-gif, jpg, or png
-sized corectly, down [=
-correct color depth for format |
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Definition
1 - ![]() |
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Definition
src - file
alt - alternate text
heigh, width
valign - vertical alignment
align - horizontal alignment
hpsace vspace - space around image, split in half [= |
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Definition
set up on server to function as a root location, truncate image refs & for anchors, directoryl set up as aliased directory and can be anywhere
img src="images/myimage.pg/> |
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Definition
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Definition
1.8bit, 256 colors, palletized/indexed image
2.permits interlacing
3 lossless compression |
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Definition
1.ability to assin 1+pixel color as trasnparent
2.ability to store multiple images (animated) |
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Definition
-abstract/vector generated raster images
-try to match HTML color to a color in a raster
-audience is viewing in great than 8bit |
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Term
| Join photograhpic export group (JPG) |
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Definition
-.jpg, .jpg, .jif, .jfif
-24bit color fidelity
-compressed format
1.color mode conversion from current to YCbCr
2.data reduction via subsampling
3.imge analyzed in 8x8 pixel block discrete cosine transform (DCT)
-smaller files
-opened as downloaded |
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Definition
-natural photo images
-never for high quality |
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Term
| Portable Network GRaphics Format (PNG) 2 types |
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Definition
-patent free image format, web specific
PNG24
-true color
-replaces TIFF
-high quality
&
PNG8
-8bit
-transparency
both
-lossless, interfacing support,
not all browsers support these!! |
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Term
| hyperlinks to document or parts? |
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Definition
extrasite - other ervies
intrasite - internal documents
intra-doc - links to places in current doc |
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Term
| hyperlinks to other protocols? |
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Definition
| email, FTP links(FTP servers, drag&drop) |
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Term
| global settings for hyperlinks |
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Definition
in body>
link - nonvisited
vlink - visited
alink -active
other for font
color, face, size |
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Term
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Definition
all types of links, not image maps
link to other documents (extra - intra), intra-doc |
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Term
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Definition
href - source
target - where to open
_blank -new
-top-most top
_self-
_parent-relative term
name-naming location
acceskey - shortcut keys
tabindex - control tab order
title-define text |
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Term
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Definition
absolute path
-complete url
relative path
-one of your names.html
(may also use alias roots) |
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Term
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Definition
client-side - definition of hot spots and associated link are defined in HTML coding using map> and area>
server-side - definition of hto spots and assoricate links are defined by an external .map file
if too larger break apart into smaller seperate images! |
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Term
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Definition
-data tables
-text alignemnt
-page templates
-multi-part image containers |
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Term
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Definition
>table - container
caption> -defines caption for table
tr> - row
td> - column
th> - header for a row |
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Term
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Definition
width, hieght, border, cellpadding (border-content) cellspacing, bgcolor
td-th
align, valign, rowspan, colspan |
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Term
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Definition
-collect data from user
-extending htlm and giving it a purpose
-limiting whe nuses apart from other technologies |
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Term
| forms tags and attributes |
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Definition
form>
name&id(access form later), action(where), method(how, enctype(wht type of data)
label>preces form elements, link control text to control
input>type -defines control type
text,radio,checkbox,submit, reset, file, hidden, image, passwrod, button
selecct>drop down menus
textarea> obvious
always
table>
form>
/frm>
/table> |
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Term
| two most common htttp servers |
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Definition
| apache (free) - internet informatin server ($) |
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Term
| Primary server issues are? |
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Definition
security
windows - major secutiry loop-holds
unix-very secure
ease of use
w-windows based IIS easer to use/configure
U-difficult to configure/maintain
stability
W-moderately
U-very stable |
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Term
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Definition
client-side scripting
W-VBscript / javascript
U-javascript
server-side scripting
w-active server pages/ javascript server pages
u-javascipt server pages
databases
w-microsoft sql
u-oracle |
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Term
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Definition
w - direct drive access / FTP
U-FTP |
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Term
| how to set permission on the two servers? |
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Definition
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Term
| Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) |
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Definition
browser reuests a file from server, serve tell browser what type of files are being sent
contains file's exstention, type/subtype
.htm - text/html - html doc - A
.swf - application/x-shockwave-flash/shockwavefile/b |
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Term
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Definition
-server loading/distribution of workload
-bandwidth/delivery to the end-user |
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Definition
b - amount of data tat can be pushed through a network connection, bps
DR - amount of data that can be pushed through a device, measured in kps |
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Term
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Definition
convert bandwidh to DR - divide by 8
dR -> B - times 8 |
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Term
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Definition
divide browser into sub-windows
frame sub-windows can have their own properties
not all browsers support frames
naviagtion/printing has problems
developer must make more pages than traditional HTML |
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Term
| tags / attributes of frames |
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Definition
frameset> - replacecs body
defines rows and columns
cols or rows ="x,x,x"
border, bordercolor, (IE=frameborder,framespaceing)
frame> define content
src -html file
marginwidth,marginheight -spacing b.w frame edges
scrolling
noresize-no resize
name-targeting content to specific window |
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Term
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Definition
conent assigned to section of frames
limitations
-follow all limits
-more pages than normal |
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Term
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Definition
1.create overarching frames document&name appropriate frames
2.create sub-frames documents & name appropriate framas
3. create content pages |
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Term
| Information Architectur and Design - process |
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Definition
| analysis ->design ->prototyping ->production->quality assurance testing ->implementation ->maintenence |
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Term
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Definition
content - graphics,text,media assets,copyrights
audience -human/technical
development -time?up to it? resources? |
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Term
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Definition
content -site functional analsis
visual design -looks,usability,comparisions to competition
technical architecture -file structure diagram |
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Term
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Definition
initial -new aesthtics -look&feel
second - funcional links, how functions
final - full functional, ready to deplos
testing -usability, web accesibility
revision/analysis -final revisions based on above |
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Term
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Definition
-feature creep -new part not mentions before NOOOO
-check-offs - after each of these steps, after analysis phase & every prototype |
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Term
| parts of Quality assurance testing |
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Definition
| additional testing to ensure product, make sure fully functional |
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Term
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Definition
| port it to the server, final stage of the contract |
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Term
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Definition
| add to contract, for fix ups later |
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Term
| Content Organization Structures |
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Definition
| Logic, Audience/Content, Navigation |
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Term
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Definition
alphabetical
chronological
geographical |
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Term
| audience/content structures |
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Definition
topical
task-orientated
authentication credentials
metaphorical |
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Term
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Definition
hierarchal
-broad - long pages, few links
-narrow - short pages, many linkes
global versus local labeling
ad hoc sstructure |
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Term
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Definition
1-maintainging backward compatibility with older user agents
2-mainting compatibility with a variety of physical devices
3-maintaining specific compatibility w/ alternative user agents |
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Term
| Web Accessibility Initiative (WAI) guidelines |
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Definition
-provide alt audiotory/video
-don't rely on colr
-use markup & stylesheets to seperate content - formatting
-clarify natural language
-dont use tables for page formatting
-ensure that new technologies trasnform
-permit user control of time-based elements
-ensure accessibility of embedded interfaces
-provide content/orientation info
-clear navigations
-clear & simple documents |
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Term
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Definition
| primary deals with issues concerning character sets in the digital environment |
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Term
| why use cascading stylesheets? |
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Definition
-saves time
-easy to change
-consistent
-alows more creativity
-common format |
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Term
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Definition
inline/local - within opening
internal/embedded - style> in header
external/linked - external.css linked |
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Term
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Definition
selector - propety value
decleration - property (characteristic) & value(new value) |
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Term
| defining inline/local styles |
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Definition
put the style attribute in the tag
h1 style="font family:Arial"> |
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Term
| two fundamental types of audio |
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Definition
| digital audio (sampled.recorded) & synthesized audio |
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Term
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Definition
-resolution/sampling rate - frequency of samples ove time
-bit depth -# of bits to describe amplitude
-channels - # of independent speaker channels
-bitrate - speed of conection for download
-compression |
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Term
| things to think about when using audio |
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Definition
audience considerations
-bandwidth
-playback
optimization
-length
-channels
-bit depth
-sampling rate |
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Term
| dealing with video attributes |
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Definition
-attributes of audio/raster graphics
-compression (lossy vs lossless) (spatial vs temporal)
-spatial_still, temp_excessive
-data rate/bit rate
-data rate/bit rate = file size/length |
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Term
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Definition
| 3dmedia/vr , flash , shockwave, adobe |
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Term
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Definition
| object-orientedge programmming language, bytecode(machine code) independent, platform independence |
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Term
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Definition
| add exstentions to browser, supports extensibility in the broser, extends to every application on the system |
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Term
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Definition
official all-purpose object container and can be used on a variety of media elements, from flash to java
-classid
codebase -points to URL
id -name
width, height |
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Term
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Definition
| conjunction with object> available properties depend on the Active X component and media element |
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Term
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Definition
not ass extensible as object>
video clips
src -source media file
heigh, width
align
hspace vspacec |
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Term
| internal style selections |
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Definition
adds styles to an entire doc easily
style type="text/css">
h1 [lksdjflkjsdf |
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Term
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Definition
type - html tags
contextual - combodo-elemnts of tags
class - creation of indiv instance changes
pseuoslectors - pseudoelemts, pseudoclasses |
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Term
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Definition
server-side technology allows certain processing directives
create code snippets that can be resued |
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Term
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Definition
-object.orientatedm client-side scripting language
-developed by netscape to extend browser
-microsoft "script"
-standard for scripting on the web is ECMAScript
-embedded in HTML script> in head> |
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Term
| what does object-oriented programming (OOP) mean? |
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Definition
-object is a piece of code/data the recives/sends messages
-code&data are merged into a single; an object
-objects are defined by classes in thaat a class defines the things that an object can do |
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Term
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Definition
intrinsic -objects are predefined and you can readily use
extrinsic - objects are predefined and you can readily use, no visual representation
user-defined objects - objects that the user creates by defining the class, that is defining methos and properties |
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Term
| how do you figure out how to program something with OOP? |
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Definition
-determine what you want to do
-determine when you want to do it
a href="mypage.html onmouseover="window.status='Link 1' ;">Link 1 |
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