Term
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Definition
| 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral |
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Term
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Definition
| body, spinous process, transverse process, lamina, pedicle, facet joint |
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Term
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Definition
| Atlas - supports weight of skull, articulates with occiput |
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Term
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Definition
| Axis - articulates with atlas |
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Term
| fibrocartilaginous tissue |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| semifluid, flexible center |
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Term
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Definition
| flexion/extension, right and left rotation, right and left lateral flexion |
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Term
| anterior longitudinal ligament |
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Definition
| spans the length of vertebral column, broad and thick, from occiput to sacrum, attaches to vertebral bodies and disks, limits extension, reinforces anterior portion of disks |
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Term
| posterior longitudinal ligament |
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Definition
| extends from occiput down vertebral column, starts thick and thins out, lines anterior portion of canal, fans out and thickens as it passes over disks, limits flexion, reinforces posterior aspect of disk |
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Term
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Definition
| superior facets articulate with inferior facets of vertebrae just above |
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Term
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Definition
| formed by atlas and occipital bone |
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Term
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Definition
| Articulation between C1 (atlas) and C2 (axis) |
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Term
| Muscles Acting on C-Spine |
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Definition
| Sternocleidomastoid, Scalenes (3 bands), Trapezius (3 bands) |
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Term
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Definition
| Supplies upper portion of shoulder, arm and hand (C5-T1 spinal nerve roots) |
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Term
| Observation/Inspection of C-Spine Injuries |
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Definition
| Check vertebral alignment (lordosis, kyphosis, scoliosis), position of head, soft tissue comparison, level of shoulders, rule out Fx or Dx |
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Term
| Neurological Testing for C-Spine |
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Definition
| Upper extremity screening (myotomes C4-T1, L1-S2), Dermotomes (C4-T1, L1-S2), reflexes, babinski test, oppenheim test (upper motor neuron lesions) |
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Term
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Definition
| sudden or forced flexsion, extension or rotation, symtoms include pain, point tenderness, stiffness, muscle spasm, restricted ROM |
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Term
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Definition
| prolonged tightening and irritation of musculature due to posture (non-traumatic, stiff neck or wryneck), signs include inability to turn head, pain on palpation, turn body/trunk rather than head |
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Term
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Definition
| also known as "burner" or "stinger", overstretching of brachial plexus, neck usually forced into lateral flexion/shoulder depressed |
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Term
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Definition
| most superficial point of the brachial plexus (superior to clavicle), signs include burning sensation, numbness & tingling, pain radiating from shoulder to hand, loss of function in arm & hand |
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Term
| Cervical Disc Disease and Herniation |
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Definition
| Tears or cracks in annulus fibrosis - nucleus pulposus protrudes through putting pressure on nerve root, repetitive cervical loading during contact sports, abnormal stresses (trauma, degenerative changes, sports) |
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Term
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Definition
| signs: radiating pain in arm & hand, pain may spread across back, muscle weakness & poor reflexes, dimished sensation, shoulder abduction test |
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Term
| Cervical Nerve Root Impingement |
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Definition
Acute injuries-frequent in collision/contact sports, whiplash
chronic- poor postural habits, repetitive movements, decreased flexibility, muscular insufficiency
- pressure on nerve root results in degenerative disk changes, acute disk trauma, exotosis, inflammation from ligament or muscle pathology |
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Term
| C-Spine Fracture/Dislocation |
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Definition
Relatively uncommon, axial load, spine at 30-0 degrees, vertebral body fractures worse outcome than spinous process and transverse process, due to gymnastics, ice hockey, diving, football, rugby
- common to 4th, 5th, 6th cervical vertebrae (can be a combination of Fx or Dx) |
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Term
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Definition
-narrowing of spinal cord, impingement of spinal cord, congenital, gradual degeneration, exotosis, disk changes
- signs: narrowing of spinal canal, transient paralysis (10-15 minutes), burning, tingling, weakness |
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Term
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Definition
| breaking down of a vertebral structure, pars interarticularis, stress fracture |
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Term
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Definition
| forward slippage of one vertebrae on the one below (L5-S1) |
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