Term
| What two structures must be parallel to demonstrate the correct anatomy on an AP "Open Mouth" Projection. |
|
Definition
| The lower margin of the upper incisors and the base of the skull |
|
|
Term
| What is the central Ray placement for an AP "Open Mouth" Projection? |
|
Definition
| CR perpendicular to the IR directed throught the center of the open mouth |
|
|
Term
| If the teeth are superimposed over the dens on an AP "Open Mouth" projection, what positioning correction do you need to make? |
|
Definition
| Slightly hyperextend the neck or angle the CR cephalic |
|
|
Term
| If the base of the skull is superimposed over the dens, what positioning correction needs to be made? |
|
Definition
| Slightly hyperflex the neck or direct the CR slightly caudad |
|
|
Term
| Where should the patient's tounge be to prevent it's shadow from superimposing the axis and atlas? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the upper dens is not clearly demonstrated, what view should you do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How should the head be positioned for an AP Axial Projection of the C-spine? |
|
Definition
| Adjust the head so a line from the occlusal plane to the base of the skull is perpendicular to the table/IR |
|
|
Term
| What is the CR angle for an AP Axial Projection of the C-Spine? |
|
Definition
| Angle the CR 15 degrees cephalic when the patient is supine, and 20 degrees cephalic when the patient is upright |
|
|
Term
| What is the SID for an AP Axial Projection of the C-spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can you determine that you have the correct CR angle when viewing an AP Axial Projection of the C-spine? |
|
Definition
| Open intervertebral joint spaces |
|
|
Term
| What oblique Cervical spine position is prefered to reduce thyroid dose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why do you extend the chin when doing an oblique projection of the c-spine? |
|
Definition
| To prevent the mandible from superimposing the upper vertebrae of the c-spine |
|
|
Term
| To what degree do you rotate the patient for an oblique projection of the c-spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the CR position for an Anterior oblique c-spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the CR position for a posterior oblique c-spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does an anterior oblique spine demonstrate? |
|
Definition
| Intervertebral foramina and pedicles closest to the IR |
|
|
Term
| What does the posterior oblique spine demonstrate? |
|
Definition
| The intervertebral foramina and pedicles farthest from the IR |
|
|
Term
| How can you determine that you have the correct CR angulation and the correct patient roation on a radiograph? |
|
Definition
| Open intervertebral disk spaces and open intervetebral foramina, and the pedicles should be demonstrated in full profile |
|
|
Term
| What does on-end pedicles aligned at the midline of the cervical body and visualization of the zygapophyseal joints on an oblique c-spine radiograph indicate? |
|
Definition
| Over rotation of the patient |
|
|
Term
| What is the SID for an oblique c-spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the SID for a Lateral C-spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the IR placement for a Lateral c-spine radiograph? |
|
Definition
| Place the top of the IR 1in above the EAM |
|
|
Term
| What is the central ray placement for a lateral c-spine radiograph? |
|
Definition
| CR is perpendicular to the IR, directed horizontally to C4 |
|
|
Term
| If the junction of C7-T1 is not demonstrated on a Lateral Raddiograph, what other radiograph should you do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What respiration technique should you use for a Lateral C-spine radiograph? |
|
Definition
| Suspend respiration on full expiration |
|
|
Term
| Why use a 72 in SID for a lateral c-spine radiograph? |
|
Definition
| To compensate for increased OID and to reduce magnification |
|
|
Term
| Where is the CR centered for a swimmer's view? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which arm do you place above the patient's head for a swimmer's view of the c-spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the central ray placement for flexion-extension c-spine radiographs? |
|
Definition
| CR perpendicular to the IR, directed to the area of C4 |
|
|
Term
| How do you position the patient's head for a hyperflexion view of the c-spine? |
|
Definition
| Chin should be depressed until it touches the chest or as much as the patient can tolerate |
|
|
Term
| How should the patient's head be positioned for a hyperextension view of the c-spine? |
|
Definition
| The chin should be raised and head leaned back as far as the patient can tolerate |
|
|
Term
| How should the spinous processes appear on a hyperflexion film of the c-spine? |
|
Definition
| Spinous processes should be separated |
|
|
Term
| How should the spinous processes appear on a hyperextension radiograph of the c-spine? |
|
Definition
| Spinous processes should be in close proximity |
|
|
Term
| What is the SID for hyperflexion and hyperextension views of the C-spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the position of the head for Fuchs Method? |
|
Definition
| Elevate the chin to bring the MML near perpendicular to the table top |
|
|
Term
| What is the CR placement for the Fuchs Method? |
|
Definition
| CR is parallel to MML, directed to inferior tip of mandible |
|
|
Term
| What is the position of the dens on a radiograph of the Fuchs or Judd Method? |
|
Definition
| The dens should be centered within the foramen magnum |
|
|
Term
| How can you determine that you have correctly extended the patient's head and neck for a Fuchs or Judd Method? |
|
Definition
| The tip of the mandible is superior to the foramen magnum |
|
|
Term
| How do you position the head for an AP "wagging jaw" projection of the c-spine? |
|
Definition
| Adjust the head so that a line drawn from the lower margin of the upper incisors to the base of the skull is perpendicular to the table |
|
|
Term
| For what projection is the mandible in continous motion? |
|
Definition
| AP "wagging jaw" projection |
|
|
Term
| What methods will create more uniform density on an AP projection of the T-spine? |
|
Definition
| The anode heel effect and a wedge compensating filter |
|
|
Term
| How do you position the patient for the anode heel effect? |
|
Definition
| Position the patient so that the abdomen is under the cathode side |
|
|
Term
| What is the CR placement for an AP projection of the T-spine? |
|
Definition
| CR centered to T7, which is 3-4 inches below the jugular notch |
|
|
Term
| What is the SID for an AP projection of the c-spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why should you flex the knees during an AP thoracic spine projection? |
|
Definition
| To reduce the thoracic curvature of the spine |
|
|
Term
| Why should you suspend expiration on an AP projection of the T-spine? |
|
Definition
| Expiration reduces air volume in the thorax for more uniform brightness/density |
|
|
Term
| What size film should you use for a Lateral projection of the T-spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the CR placement for a Lateral projection of the T-spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can you do to reduce the amount of scatter radiation on a lateral T-spine radiograph? |
|
Definition
| Apply close collimation and place a lead mat behind the patient |
|
|
Term
| How far should you oblique your patient for an oblique T-spine radiograph? |
|
Definition
| 20 degrees from lateral or 70 degrees from the midsagittal plane |
|
|
Term
| Where is the CR centered for an oblique projection of the T-spine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which oblique of the T-spine is prefered to reduce breast dose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does an anterior oblique radiograph of the T-spine demonstrate? |
|
Definition
| Zygapophyseal joints closest to the IR |
|
|
Term
| What does a posterior oblique radiograph of the T-spine demonstrate? |
|
Definition
| Zygapophyseal joints farthest from the IR |
|
|
