Term
| What are the major branches given off by the cerebral internal carotid artery? |
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Definition
| Superior and inferior hypophyseal, opthalmic, posterior communicating, anterior choroid, and anterior cerebral arteries |
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Term
| What is supplied by the superior and inferior hyophyseal artery? |
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Definition
| Pituitary and part of infundibulum |
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Term
| What important artery is given off by the opthalmic artery? |
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Definition
| Central artery of the retina (critical for visual function) |
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Term
| What is supplied by the central artery of the retina? |
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Definition
| Enters optic nerve to supply the retina |
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Term
| What is clinically important about the central artery of the retina? |
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Definition
| Because the opthalmic artery arises early from the ICA, it can carry small microemboli which can cause transient or permanent visual loss and small ischemic areas |
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Term
| What is the function of the posterior communicating artery? |
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Definition
| Connects the vertebrobasilar system with the carotid system |
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Term
| What is supplied by the anterior choroid artery? |
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Definition
| It follows the optic tract in a caudal and lateral direction around the crus cerebri. Thus it reaches the optic tract, crus cerebri, amygdala, anterior hippocampus, tail of caudate, medial globus palidus, posterior limb of internal capsule, lateral thalamus, retrolenticular limb of internal capsule |
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Term
| Occlusion of the anterior choroid artery might bring about what clinical symptoms? |
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Definition
| Clinical presentation is most consistent with damage to the posterior limb of the internal capsule. Signs include Hemiplegia, hemianesthesia, hemianopsia concurrent with damage to long tracts. |
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Term
| The cerebral part of the internal carotid artery ends with what two terminal branches? |
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Definition
anterior cerebral and
middle cerebral arteries |
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Term
| What branches are given off by the first segment (A1) of the anterior cerebral artery? |
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Definition
| Anterior communicating artery and medial lenticulostriate arteries |
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Term
| In general, what portions of the brain do the second segment and third segements (A2 and A3) of the anterior cerebral artery supply? |
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Definition
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Term
| In general, what portions of the brain do the fourth and fifth segments (A4 and A5) of the anterior cerebral artery supply? |
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Definition
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Term
| What branches are given off by the second segment (A2) of the anterior cerebral artery? |
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Definition
orbitofrontal artery
frontopolar artery |
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Term
| What branches are given off by the third segment (A3) of the anterior cerebral artery? |
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Definition
| Callosomarginal and Pericallosal arteries |
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Term
| What are the general regions supplied by the anterior cerebral artery? |
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Definition
| Medial aspect of the frontal and parietal lobes and the lateral surface of the hemispheres |
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Term
| What is the portion of the paracentral lobule supplied by the anterior cerebral artery responsible for? |
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Definition
| Cortical centers for the movement and sensation of lower limbs |
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Term
| What is the portion of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex supplied by the anterior cerebral artery responsible for? |
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Definition
| Executive functions including Decision making and planning |
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Term
| What are some symptoms associated with lesion or occlusion of the anterior cerebral artery? |
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Definition
| Contralateral paralysis or sensory loss of lower limb, cognitive impairment, transcortical motor aphasia in left (dominant) hemisphere |
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Term
| What are the main regions supplied by the middle cerebral artery? |
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Definition
| Primary sensory and motor areas for face and upper limb, Broca's and Wernicke's areas for speach on dominant side, centers for optic radiation, parietal association cortex, and frontal eye field |
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Term
| What branches are given off by the first part (M1) of the middle cerebral artery? |
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Definition
| Lateral lenticulostriate arteries within the Sylvian cistern |
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Term
| What is supplied by the lateral lenticulostriate arteries given off by the middle cerebral artery? |
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Definition
| Basal ganglia and internal capsule |
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Term
| What branches are given off by the second part (M2) of the middle cerebral artery? |
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Definition
| Superior and inferior trunks of the middle cerebral artery as it enters the area of the insula, Precentral and Postcentral (Rolandic) arteries |
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Term
| What is supplied by the second part (M2) of the middle cerebral artery? |
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Definition
| Inner aspects of the opercula and lateral surface of the cerebral hemisphere |
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Term
| What are the primary larger arteries of the vertebrobasilar system? |
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Definition
| Posterior cerebral artery, vertebral arteries, basilar artery |
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Term
| What are the branches of the posterior cerebral artery? |
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Definition
| Quadrigeminal artery, thalamoperforating artery, thalamogeniculate artery, medial posterior and lateral posterior choroid arteries, calcarine artery, parieto-occipital artery |
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Term
| What general areas are supplied by the posterior cerebral artery? |
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Definition
| Supplies the posterior areas of the hemispheres - Midbrain, thalamus, choroid plexus, temporal lobe, caudal parietal lobe, visual cortex, and splenium of corpus callosum |
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Term
| Damage or occlusion of the posterior cerebral artery may cause what symptoms? |
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Definition
| Homonymous hemianopia, pure alexia (inability to read), sensory deficit with deep territory involvement |
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Term
| Which branches of the posterior cerebral artery collectively supplies the midbrain, thalamus, and choroid plexus? |
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Definition
| Quadrigeminal, thalamoperforating, medial and lateral posterior choroid, and thalamogeniculate arteries |
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Term
| What is supplied by the thalamoperforating artery? |
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Definition
| Supplies anterior and medial thalamus |
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Term
| What is supplied by the thalamogeniculate artery? |
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Definition
| Posterior and lateral thalamus |
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Term
| What is supplied by the medial posterior choroid artery? |
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Definition
| Choroid plexus of 3rd and lateral ventricles and posterior and lateral thalamus |
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Term
| What is supplied by the lateral posterior choroid artery? |
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Definition
| Cerebral peduncle, fornix, caudate nucleus, and posterior and lateral thalamus |
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Term
| What is supplied by the calcarine artery? |
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Definition
| Visual motor cortex and medial surface of the occipital lobe |
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Term
| What are the branches given off by the vertebral arteries? |
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Definition
| Posterior inferior cerebellar (PICA), posterior spinal, and anterior spinal arteries |
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Term
| What structures are supplied by the vertebral arteries? |
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Definition
| Medulla oblongata, cerebellum, and the dura of the posterior cranial fossa |
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Term
| What is supplied by the posterior inferior cerebellar artery? |
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Definition
| (PICA) Supplies the dorsolateral medulla as it wraps around the medulla and emerges in the cisterna magna where it supplies the choroid plexus of the fourth ventricle and then the posterior and medial parts of the inferior cerebellar surface. |
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Term
| What is supplied by the posterior spinal artery? |
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Definition
| Dorsal spinal cord and dorsolateral region of medulla oblongata |
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Term
| What does the posterior spinal artery arise from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is supplied by the anterior spinal artery? |
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Definition
| Anterior and medial areas of the medulla and spinal cord |
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Term
| What are the branches given off by the basilar artery? |
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Definition
| Anterior inferior cerebellar artery, paramedian branches, short and long circumferential branches, superior cerebellar artery |
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Term
| What is supplied by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery? |
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Definition
| Ventral and lateral surfaces of the cerebellum, part of the pons, small part of the choroid plexus that extends out of the 4th ventricle |
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Term
| What artery is given off by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is supplied by the labyrinthine artery? |
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Definition
| Enters internal acoustic meatus to supply inner ear |
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Term
| The basilar artery also gives off the paramedian, short, and long circumferential branches. What do they supply? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is supplied by the superior cerebellar artery? |
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Definition
| Superior cerebellum, deep cerebellar nuclei, caudal midbrain, and lateral tegmentum of the rostral pons |
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Term
| Where does the superior cerebellar artery divide into medial and lateral branches? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the anterior perforating groups supply? |
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Definition
optic chiasm
anterior hypothalamus
anterior perforated substance |
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Term
| What do the posterior perforating groups supply? |
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Definition
crus cerebri
middle and posterior parts of the hypothalamus
posterior perforated substance |
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Term
| What primarily supplies blood to the dorsal thalamus? |
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Definition
| branches of the posterior cerebral artery |
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Term
| What vein drains the entire cerebral venous system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes cerebral veins susceptible to pathologically altered flow? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the superior sagittal sinus drain blood from? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the straight sinus drain into? |
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Definition
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Term
| What drains into the straight sinus? |
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Definition
| Great cerebral vein of Galen and the internal cerebral veins |
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Term
| What drains into the great cerebral vein of Galen? |
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Definition
| Posterior vein of the corpus colossum and the basal vein of Rosenthal (drains medial temporal lobe) |
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Term
| The internal cerebral veins drain from what structures? |
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Definition
| Internal structures of the cerebral hemispheres |
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Term
| What veins constitute the internal cerebral veins? |
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Definition
| Choroidal veins and thalamostriate veins |
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Term
| What veins drain into the transverse sinus? |
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Definition
| Superior and inferior petrosal sinuses |
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Term
| What do the superior and inferior petrosal veins connect? |
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Definition
| Cavernous sinus to the transverse sinus and origin of the internal jugular vein respectively |
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Term
| What connects the superior sagittal sinus with the superficial middle cerebral vein? |
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Definition
| Superior anastomotic vein of Trolard |
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Term
| What connects the transverse sinus to the superficial middle cerebral vein? |
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Definition
| Inferior anastomotic vein of Labbe |
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Term
| What vein courses medially around the temporal pole to end in the cavernous sinus? |
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Definition
| Superficial middle cerebral vein |
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Term
| What supplies blood to rostral areas of the dorsal thalamus? |
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Definition
| thalamoperforating arteries |
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Term
| What supplies blood to the posterior and lateral regions of the dorsal thalamus? |
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Definition
| posterior choroidal arteries and thalamogeniculate artery |
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