Term
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Definition
- Archicortex (3 layers)-Hippocampus
- Paleocortex (3 layers)-Olfactory Cortex
- Neocortex (6 layers)- Neocortex
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Term
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Definition
- Basal Cells in Olfactory Epithelium Regenerate
Bipolar Neurons
- Olfactory System Projects Directly to Cortex,
NOT via the Thalamus
- Primary Olfactory Cortex = * UNCUS
-Loss of Olfaction (ANOSMIA) is often
described as loss of taste
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Term
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Definition
-Only about 10 % of cortical connections
are external; these are PROJECTION fibers.
The majority of projection fibers pass through the
internal capsule or Medial Forebrain Bundle.
These include descending motor pathways,
ascending sensory pathways, and the
Ascending Reticular Activating System.
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Term
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Definition
ARAS- acts as a battery for stimulating and
maintaining the conscious state. The ARAS
is also involved in regulating sleep and is the
target of general anesthetics. Lesions may
result in coma.
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Term
Functional Divisions of Brain |
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Definition
I- NEOCORTICAL – LATERAL – INTELLECTUAL
BRAIN
(Sensory And Motor Function)
II- LIMBIC – MEDIAL – EMOTIONAL
BRAIN
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Term
LEFT
DOMINANT HEMISPHERE
FUNCTIONS
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Definition
-Language (less dominance in
females)
-Motor organization & performance
-Auditory analysis
-Analytical & rational
-Positive personality
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Term
RIGHT
NON-DOMINANT HEMISPHERE
FUNCTIONS
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Definition
-Spatial & temporal perception
-Visual analysis of external
environment, self, and others
-Musical
-Creative, artistic
-Aggressive, emotional
-Negative personality
-Sense of humor
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Term
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Definition
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Occlusion of Anterior Cerebral Artery which involves the medial frontal cortex,
anterior corpus callosum, and the supplementary motor area (Brodman’s area 6) may result in the “Alien Hand Syndrome” where the contralateral hand executes involuntary, but often purposeful movements.
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Term
CORTICAL LESIONS
(Association Cortex)
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Definition
Lesions in the association cortex often result in agnosia, apraxia, and/or aphasia.
These are functional deficits in the absence of primary motor or primary sensory
damage.
Visual-spatial and temporal deficits (agnosia and apraxia) are observed mainly in NON-DOMINANT hemisphere lesions while aphasia and motor apraxia are observed mainly in DOMINANT hemisphere lesions.
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Term
Agnosia, Apraxia, Aphasia |
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Definition
AGNOSIA = inability to recognize
APRAXIA = inability to perform a motor task
APHASIA = inability to either recognize or utilize signs and symbols
of communication
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Term
TACTILE AGNOSIA
(Astereognosis)
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Definition
-Inability to recognize familiar objects by touch on contralateral side
- Lesion Location: Supramarginal Gyrus
( Left or Right Hemisphere )
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Term
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Definition
-Inability to recognize familiar sounds
Location: Superior Temporal
Gyrus
( Left or Right Hemisphere )
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