Term
| cerebellum general fucntion |
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Definition
| involvedi nrpogamming of movemetns ,and the nmonitoring of those movements. MAkes ure tehse movemnts are smooth. |
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Term
| cerebellum general inputs and ouputs |
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Definition
| receives feedbacks from msuclesa nd joints via spinocerebelalr tracts, also gets visual and auditory input in adidtion to toehr senosry sysmptoms. THen crebellum sends outputs to crebral cortex adn influencs descending pathways. |
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Term
| cerebellu mfucnitosn in motor contorl |
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Definition
| limbs, turnk and eyes. Invovledi n planning/pgrogrammign (motor learning ,planning and programming corodianting movements). and execution at the limb trunks and eyes (postural conrol , smoothingo f ovemetnss ,ctornollign mvoement amplitude, corecitng movemetn, comparotor function to control ongoing movements). |
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Term
| sample problems related cerebellar lesions |
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Definition
Appendicular ataxia, gate ataxia- due to lack of coordiatnionbetween oitns and muscles. Intention tremor- makign movements and the termeor occurs in endpoirnts (as opsopted to resting tremor of basal ganglia).
aididochkniesa- rpolem oganizing rapidly atleratnaing movemnets. |
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Term
| slide 6: comparator function of cerebellum |
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Definition
| Cerebral cortex sends ifnormaitn down to mtoor systems- and sensd efference opy of that same plan to the cerebral cortex. Muslces end feedback to the cerebellum- Cerebellum compares both teh muscle copy adn the cortex copy of hte movement, and sends aprpopriate adjsutmetns up to cortex and brainstem nulcei, in this way adjsuting our movements as we need. |
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Term
| inferior olviary nucls lesion |
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Definition
| acts like cerebelalr lesion, with contralateral problems. WHen rquires a change in movemetn i.e.e whe nprimism glass es are put on cant adjust to the new chagne, and wehn taken off throwign is back to normal |
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Term
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Definition
| endpoitn tremor , caluse of cerebellar disorder |
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Term
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Definition
| gait ataxia- troublewalkign and balance. |
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Term
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Definition
| problem with rapidly atlernating mvoemetns. sign of cerebelalr dysfunciton |
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Term
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Definition
| always ipsilateral symtpoms on body |
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Term
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Definition
| vermis is th most midline part of the cerebellum out in front |
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Term
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Definition
| just lateral to vermis, is more anterior to the lateral hemisphere. also known as itnermediate cerebellar hemisphere |
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Term
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Definition
| lateral to vermis an d posterior to itnermediate hemisphere |
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Term
| flocculonodular obe slide 8 |
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Definition
| foudn on the bakc fo the cerebellum, vermis is aprt of teh floculornodular loe |
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Term
| slide 8 the deep cerebellar nuclei |
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Definition
| most lateral is dentate nlcues, followed y itnerposedn ulcues, followed by fastigial nuclus |
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Term
| lateral hemispher of cerebellum function |
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Definition
| communicationt o cortedx for motor planning goes through lateral corticospinal tract (planning programming) |
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Term
| itnermdiate lobe fucntion |
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Definition
| distal limbcorodiantion , acts via lateral corticospina ltract nad rubrospina ltract. (execution) |
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Term
| vermiss adn floculonodular lobe fucntion |
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Definition
| proxmial libm and trunk coordiantion. as well as vestibuloccular reflexes . acts via all the braisntem pathewaasy (reticulospinal ,tectospinal vestibulospinal ,atnerior coritcospinal, as well as MLF). |
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Term
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Definition
| vermis and follculnodaulr lobe |
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Term
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Definition
| intermediate lobe of cerebellum |
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Term
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Definition
| lateral hemispher of crebellum |
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Term
| inferior cerebellar peduncel function |
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Definition
| restiform body: mostly inputs medulla and psian lcord. also outputs to vestibulospinal tract and reticular nulcei. |
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Term
| middle cerebellar peduncle |
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Definition
| entier inputs from contralteral pontine ibers ( which had received ther inputs from cortex) |
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Term
| superior cerebelalr pedunclce |
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Definition
| geos to superior colliculus of midbrain and Vl nucleus of thalamus to premotor and motor cortex. also inputs from the spina lcord and medulla |
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Term
| pontine fibers projectiosn (slide 14) to cerebellum |
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Definition
| projections to MCP, prontien fibers get their inputs form cortex, |
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Term
| spinalcord fiber proejctiosnt to cerebellum |
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Definition
| come via teh spinocerebelalr pathways and inferior volciary nulceus (which receives ifno from various areas), and goesi tno ICP. |
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Term
| vestibular projecitosn to cerebellum |
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Definition
| come either straight form the ganaglia, or from teh vestibular nulcei and go into juxtarestiform body (which is just emdial to the ICP, and lateral to the fourth ventricle). |
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Term
| cortexprojections itno the cerebellum |
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Definition
| coem downto the pontine nulceli, crosso veri n itno the mCP and contbirute to alteral hemispheres (specifically teh contralteral dentate nucleus) |
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Term
| cerebral crus what is in it |
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Definition
| lcoation of the coritcopontine fibers. |
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Term
| inferior olivary nucelus proejctiosn to cerebellum ( slide 15). |
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Definition
| projects to contralateral ICP and up the entire cerebellar cortex. known as climbing fibers . |
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Term
| cuneocerebellar tract ifnormaiton |
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Definition
analgoous to dorsal sinpscerebellar, only it carriesi fnormationform the upper extremity rather than lwoer extremity. Particularly proprioceptive inormation. is anipsialteral pathway.
comes in from arms and goes up via cuneate fasicle, synapses with external cuneate nulceus and forms cuneocerebellar tract
Projectst o intermediate hemispehre adn vermis |
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Term
| ventral spincoerebellar tracti nformation |
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Definition
starts in the ventral horn in the interemdiate zone and spinal border cells of hte spinal cord, jsut ventral to teh dorsal nuclus of clarke, croses atvetnral commisure, asenced andg eos throughtheseurpeiro cerebelalr peuncle, wehre it crosses at teh SCP dcusation and ends up ipsilateral corsses twice and ends up ipsilateral . also rpoejctst to intermediate hemisphere and vermis.
carrisinformation about the elvel of activation f those motor nuclei |
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Term
| rostral spinocerebellar tract |
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Definition
| analoue for ventra spiniocerebellar tract fo the upepr extremity |
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Term
| arrangement of spinocerebelalr inputs in vermis and itneremdiate lobe |
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Definition
| they are somatopicaly arranged. In the anterior lboey ou will see trukn and lower extremity |
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Term
| dentate nulceus function andlocation slide 26 |
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Definition
| most lateral , bringi nfrom from lateral hemisphere |
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Term
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Definition
| eboloform and globose are itneremdiate and brign ouptus from the itnermediate lobe |
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Term
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Definition
| medialmost nulceus of the cerebellum, sends outputs from the vermis and flocculonodular lobe |
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Term
| ascending ouput from cerebelum pathway |
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Definition
| laterla ventricle to detnate nulceus crosses as ascends in superior cerebelalr pedunclce and goe sto vl and up to cortex |
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Term
| descendign output form teh corteox to teh cerebellum |
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Definition
| goes dow nto ipsilateral pontine. Corticopontine fibers then elave from pontine, cross adn go to contralateral lateral hemisphere via teh mCP |
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Term
| slide 30 central tegmental tract |
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Definition
| dentate nucleus projects to contralater redn uleus which sensd proejctison down to ipsilateral ifnerior olivary nucleus which then sends projections to contralateral cerebellum |
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Term
| slide 31 lesions of inferior olivary nucus |
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Definition
| similiar deficit producitn to contralalter cerebellum. |
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Term
| sldie 32interposedn uclei otuputs |
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Definition
| get input from the spinal cord which coemsi n through the ICP and goes into interposed nucli- these interposed nuclei then send out proejctions via superior cerebellar peduncel which either cross in teh SCP and go to vl of thalamus and then cortex to effect motor systems taht way, or synapse in red nucleus, and coem down to ipsilateral rubrospinal tract annd coritcospinal tract |
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Term
| slide 34 pathways fo the flooculonodular and vermis |
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Definition
can send outputs via the interposedn ulcei which will cross contralletery in SCP and then to VL and then to COrtex.
Also has descneidng pathways- has ipsilateral proejctions to reticular foromation and vestibular nuclei. Can also cross in teh uncinate proces and innervate contralteral vestiularn uclei.
The ineferior ermis and flocculonodular lobe, als o hahve hte ability to direclty send projectison to ipsialteral vestiublar nuclei |
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Term
| the three layers of the cerebellar cortex slide 36 |
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Definition
| top to bototm: molecualr, purkinje, and granule cel lalyer |
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Term
| purkinje layer of cerebral cortex |
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Definition
| mdidle layer of the cerebellar cortex- contains purkinje cell bodies . They send dendritic projections into the moelcualr layter |
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Term
| molecular layer of cerebellar cortex |
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Definition
| there are dendritic trees from teh purkinje cells in this top layer. Gets projections form granule cells in bototm laeyr (granule cell layer) - these parallel fibers form granule cells will synapse iwth prukinje cell and be weakly excitatory. Meanwwhile climbign fibers project upf rom the inferior olivary nuclus and syanspe to the with the purkinje cells dendrites and are very excitatory- main stimulsu for purkinje cells. These wil influence the sending of proejcitosn to deep cerebellarn nuclei 9which are inhbitiory) |
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Term
| inhibitory outputs within the cerebral cortex |
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Definition
| stellate, basket and golgi cells |
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Term
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Definition
| projections from the spinocerebellar tract and pontine tracts coems through via the mossy fibers which then project to granule cells |
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Term
| inputs itno the deep cerebellar nuclear cell |
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Definition
| Mossy fibers ( comign from contralateral inerior olviaary nulceus), and purkinje cell. Aside from Purkkinje cell, they are all excitatory |
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Term
| purkinje cell activity during movement |
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Definition
| at rest expect it to be active, but when perofmrign rapidly alternating movements see thati ti s tightly modulated, with deep nuclear cell reacting acocrdingly as well |
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Term
| eyea bnormaliteis with the cerebellum |
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Definition
may produce occular dysmetria- eye not able toget to the appropraite point.
May also produce defective saccades,
may also rpoduce nystagmus |
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Term
| error modification by cerebellum moa |
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Definition
| occurs via the deep excitatory loop, from lower areas, in this way we can correct for erros in visione etc. These then travel to purkije cells which inhibit when active, purkinje cells are ablet o lognterm potentiate as well as longterm depress themselves based on stimuli. Climbing fibersare strongest activators of this motor learning. |
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Term
| VOR and cornela blink reflex |
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Definition
| mediated by purkinje cels. Prukinje cells able to rese the gain if somethign modifeis the VOR reflex. |
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Term
| lateral hemisphere sydnrome |
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Definition
deficis in motor planning/programming: ipsilateral to lesion.
ataaxia (loss of movemetn coordiantion). : dysmetria-undershooting or overhsooting objects. Dysdiadochokinesia- difficulty with rapidly alternating movements
Hyporeflexia
Scanning speech
Abnormal eye movements. |
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Term
| tests for cerebro cerebellum |
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Definition
| rapidly alternating movements, finger to notse heel to shin, f inger to toe, Rebound check reflex (resposne to perturation), speech |
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Term
| EMdial hemisphere damage anterior lboe syndrome |
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Definition
| legs are primarily affected due to somatotopic arrangement. Broadbased , staggering gait. may be caused by chronic alochol use |
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Term
| flocculonodular lobe-ifnerior cermis sydrome |
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Definition
ipsilateral.
Truncal ataxia. tituations (tremors of trunk). Poor balance , nystagmus and abnormal eye movements.
meduloblastomas typically afefct this portion |
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Term
| testing for vestibulocerebellu mand sinpocerebellum |
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Definition
| have person stand still with eyes open (station), walking, tandem gait. |
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Term
| cerebellar blood supply slide 55 and 56 |
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Definition
superior cerebellar artery, anterior inferior cerebellar artery, posterior ifnerior cerebellar artery .
superior cerebellar artery is doing the superior cerebellum, Pica doing the inferior cerebellum, and AICA doing mostly the middle anterior portion fo cwerebellum.
remebmer pica also innervates the medulla |
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