Term
| Which way will a patient fall if they have a cerebellar lesion? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| inability to maintain proper balance; disruption of input from the vestibular system |
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Term
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Definition
| decreased muscle tone and difficulty in maintaining posture; from disruption of spinal cord inputs |
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Term
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Definition
| lack of coordination of muscles which usually work together; from damage to pathways from higher levels (cerebral cortex) or lower levels (spinal cord) |
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Term
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Definition
| inability to coordinate voluntary movements |
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Term
| What is an intention tremor? |
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Definition
| most apparent during a planned movement just before the patient reaches the target |
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Term
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Definition
| overshoot or undershoot reaching a target |
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Term
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Definition
| parallel, horizontal folds called folia on surface; run from left to right |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are the cerebellar hemispheres? |
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Definition
| lateral lobes surrounding vermis |
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Term
| What is the intermediate zone? |
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Definition
| located between vermis and cerebellar lobes |
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Term
| What are the three lobes created by the deep transverse fissures? |
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Definition
| anterior, posterior, and flocculonodular |
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Term
| What is the fissure separating the anterior and posterior lobes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the fissure separating the posterior and flocculonodular lobes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is another name for the flocculonodular lobe? Why is it called this? |
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Definition
| the vestibulocerebellum due to its major inputs from the vestibular system |
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Term
| What is another name for the anterior lobe? Why? |
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Definition
| called the spinocerebellum due to its inputs coming mainly from spinal cord |
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Term
| What is the posterior lobe also known as? Why? |
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Definition
| neocerebellum or cerebrocerebellum, due to its inputs mainly from cerebral cortex via the pons |
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Term
| What is the posterior lobe also known as? Why? |
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Definition
| neocerebellum or cerebrocerebellum, due to its inputs mainly from cerebral cortex via the pons |
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Term
| What is the inferior cerebellar peduncle? What does it do? |
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Definition
contains fibers entering the cerebellum; outputs to the to the medulla oblongata, vestibular nuclei, and reticular formation
• attaches the cerebellum to the medulla oblongata |
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Term
| What is the middle cerebellar peduncle? What does it do? |
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Definition
fibers entering the cerebellum from the pons
• attaches the cerebellum to the pons |
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Term
| What about the superior cerebellar peduncle? |
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Definition
| contains outputs of the cerebellum to the red nucleus and VA/VL thalamus |
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Term
| What are the subregions of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
| cerebellar cortex, medullary center, deep cerebellar nuclei, cerebellar peduncles |
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Term
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Definition
| matter, composed of three neuron layers and located on the surface under the pia mater |
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Term
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Definition
| under the cerebellar cortex and contains axons, which are coming and going to the cerebellar cortex |
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Term
| What are the four deep cerebellar nuclei? Where are they located? |
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Definition
| fastigial nucleus, globose nucleus, emboliform nucleus, dentate nucleus;dorsal to the fourth ventricle |
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Term
| What are the inputs of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
| spinal cord axons, inferior olivary nucleus inputs, reticular formation inputs, vestibular nuclei and vestibular ganglion cell axons,cerebral cortex via relays through the pons |
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Term
| Explain the where and what of spinal cord inputs. |
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Definition
• synapses mainly in the anterior lobe of the cerebellum
• conveys information regarding muscle tone for the extremities |
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Term
| What are the where and what of inferior olivary nucleus inputs? |
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Definition
• cross in the medulla oblongata and enters cerebellum in the inferior cerebellar peduncle
• axons project to the entire cerebellar cortex |
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Term
| The where and what of reticular formation inputs? |
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Definition
• axons enter the cerebellum in inferior cerebellar peduncle
• axons project mainly to spinocerebellum |
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Term
| Vestibular nuclei and vestibular ganglion cell axons? |
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Definition
• axons enter cerebellum in the inferior cerebellum peduncle
• axons project mainly to the vestibulocerebellum |
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Term
| What is the name of the nuclei where axons from the cerebral cortex synapse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the pontocerebellar axons do? |
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Definition
cross in pons to enter cerebellum by the middle cerebellar peduncle
• motor areas of cerebral cortex project to the cerebellum via the pons |
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Term
| What are the cell that leave the cerebellum? |
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Definition
| purkinje cells are the only neurons whose axons leave the cerebellar cortex and they mainly go to the neurons in the cerebellar deep nuclei |
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Term
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Definition
| located next to the midline |
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Term
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Definition
| several small groups of grey matter located lateral to fastigial nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| wedge-shaped nucleus located lateral to globose nucleus |
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Term
| What makes up the interposed nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are the outputs of the cerebellum excitatory or inhibitory? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the inputs of the outputs? |
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Definition
| from Purkinje cell axons and collaterals from the mossy and climbing fibers |
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Term
| What is the molecular layer of the cortex? |
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Definition
| (located under the pia mater) contains large bundles of parallel fibers and dendrites of the Purkinje cells |
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Term
| What is the purkinje cell layer? |
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Definition
• spread out into the molecular layer where they receive excitatory synapses from parallel fibers and climbing fibers
• purkinje cell axons leave cerebellar cortex to synapse on deep cerebellar nuclei neurons
• Purkinje cells are inhibitory |
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Term
| What is in the granular layer? |
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Definition
granule cells whose axons form the parallel fibers, which run in molecular layer and synapse on dendrites of Purkinje cells
• parallel fibers are excitatory |
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Term
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Definition
originate from neurons in spinal cord, reticular formation, vestibular system and pons
synapse mainly with granule cells
as they enter cerebellar cortex, they send collateral axons to deep cerebellar nuclei neurons
excitatory |
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Term
| What are climbing fibers? |
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Definition
originate from neurons in the inferior olive
synapse mainly on dendrites of Purkinje cells in the molecular layer
as they enter cerebellar cortex, they send collateral axons to deep cerebellar nuclei neurons
excitatory |
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Term
| How does the fastigial nucleus affect somatic motor activity? |
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Definition
receives inputs from the Purkinje cells of vermis, vestibular nuclei and vestibular ganglion cells
• output to vestibular nuclei and reticular formation
o concerned with extensor muscle tone and adjusting posture |
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Term
| How does the globuse and emboliform nuclei affect somatic motor activity? |
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Definition
inputs from Purkinje cells in intermediate zone
• output to red nucleus mainly, but also VA/VL thalamus
o concerned with flexor muscle and limb movements |
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Term
| How does the dentate nucleus affect somatic motor activity? |
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Definition
inputs from Purkinje cells located in the lateral cerebellar hemisphers
• output to red nucleus and VA/VL thalamus
o concerned with coordinating somatic motor activities by influencing motor regions of cerebral cortex, coordinates finger movement, and skilled movements |
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