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Cephalosporins
Cephalosporins
28
Pharmacology
Professional
08/18/2012

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Cards

Term
MOA of Cephs
Definition

inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis by binding to one or more penicillin-binding (PBPs) which in turn inhibits the final transpeptidation step of peptidoglycan synthesis in bacterial cell walls.

Term
Do cephs exhibit concentration dependent or time dependent killing?
Definition
time dependent killing
Term
Name the first generation cephs
Definition

Cefadroxil (Duricef - NIA)

Cefazolin (Ancef, Kefzol)

Cephalexin (Keflex)

Term
brand name for cefazolin
Definition
Ancef, Kefzol
Term
Brand name for Cephalexin
Definition
Keflex
Term
Second generation Cepalosporins
Definition

Cefactor (Raniclor)

Cefotetan (Cefotan - N/A)

Cefoxitin (Meloxin)

Cefprozil (Cefzil - N/A)

Cefuroxime (Ceftin, Zinacef)

Cefamandole (Mandol - N/A)

Loracarbef (Lorabid - N/A)

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Term
Brand name for Cefprozil and Cefuroxime
Definition

Cefprozil (Cefzil - N/A)

Cefuroxime (Ceftin, Zinacef)

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Term
Third generation Cephs
Definition

Cefdinir (Onicef)

Cefditoren (Spectracef)

Cefixime (Suprax)

Cefotaxime (Claforan)

Cefpodoxime (Vantin)

Ceftazidime (Fortaz, Tazicef)

Ceftibuten (Cedax)

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

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Term
brand name for  Cefdinir, Cefixime, and Ceftriaxone
Definition

Cefdinir (Onicef)

Cefixime (Suprax)

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Term
Name fourth generation Cephs?
Definition
Cefepime (Maxipime)
Term
Brand name for Cefepime
Definition
Maxipime
Term
Typical dosing for Cefepime
Definition
1-2 grams q8 - 12 h
Term
Frifth generation Cephs
Definition
Ceftaroline fosmil (Teflaro)
Term
Brand name for Ceftaroline fosamil
Definition
Teflaro
Term
Typical dosing for Ceftaroline fosamil
Definition
200 - 600 mg Q12 - IV only
Term
What kind of activity does first generation Cephs have?
Definition
Better gram (+) activity than gram (-) activity.
Term
Describe the activity of second generation Cephs
Definition

Better gram (-) activity compared to first generation with similar gram (+) activity

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Term
Describe activity for third generation Cephs?
Definition

Better gram (-) activity compared to second generation and less gram (+) activity copmared to second generation

Term
Describe activity of fourth generation Cephs?
Definition

Best gram (-) activity and gram (+) activity similar to first generation

Term
Describe activity of fifth generation Cephs?
Definition

Covers MRSA and gram (+), some gram (-)

Term
Name a serious side effect of Cephs?
Definition
increase LFTs
Term
Can you use Cephs in those with PCN allergy?
Definition

Cross sensitivity with PCN is approximately 10%. So, no. But keep in mind that this (10%) is a rumor. In reality, the corss sensitiviy is 1-3%. Literature supports prescribing Cephs for those allergic to PCNs. But for the NAPLEX, answer no (lol).

Term
Pregnancy category of Cephs
Definition

B

Term
Reduce dose in those with renal impairment in all Cephs except for which ones?
Definition

Cefoperazone (Cefobid) and Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

Term
Which Cephs lead to disulfiram-like reaction?
Definition

Cefamandole (Mandol), Cefmetazole, and Cefotetan (Cefotan - N/A)

Term

Uricosuric agents (probenecid and allopurinol) can increase levels of cephalosporins by interfering with excretion.

Definition
This is not a question. Just a statement.
Term
What is a disulfuram interaction?
Definition

Disulfuram is a drug used to treat those with alcohol dependence. Disulfuram basically gives a giant hangover directly after ingesting alcohol. So, Disulfuram like reactions aren't good in those not being treated for alcohol dependence.

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Term
How do Cephs effect oral contraceptives.
Definition

May decrease effectiveness of oral contraceptives - check package insert for individual drug.

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