Term
| the CNS is composed of what two parts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the role of the CNS? |
|
Definition
| act as a motor command center for planning, originating and carrying out the transmission of messages |
|
|
Term
| the spinal cord is connected to the brain via what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the reticular activating system responsible for? |
|
Definition
| integrating motor impulses flowing out of the brain with sensory impulses flowing into it -- alerting the cortex to incoming impulses |
|
|
Term
| which is the primary mechanism of attention and consciousness? |
|
Definition
| reticular activating system (reticular formation) |
|
|
Term
| where is the diencephalon and what does it contain? |
|
Definition
| located above the midbrain and between the brain stem and cerebral hemispheres -- contains the third ventricle and thalamus and hypothalamus |
|
|
Term
| what does the thalamus do? |
|
Definition
| regulates the sensory information/relays sensory information to various parts of the cerebral cortex -- it also receives information about motor impulses and relays this information to motor areas of the cerebral cortex |
|
|
Term
| which structure helps integrate the action of the ANS and controls emotions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which structure receives neural impulses from other brain centers and helps coordinate and regulate those impulses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which structure is needed for rapid speech? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| damage to the cerebellum results in which disorder? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the difference between the gyrus and sulcus? |
|
Definition
gyrus: ridge on the cortex
sulcus: shallow valley |
|
|
Term
| what is the longitudinal fissure? |
|
Definition
| divides the left and right hemisphere |
|
|
Term
| where is the fissure of rolando and what is another name for it? |
|
Definition
| it runs laterally, downward and forward as it divides the anterior from the posterior half of the brain |
|
|
Term
| which lobe houses the primary motor cortex? what does it do? |
|
Definition
frontal - controls voluntary movement of skeletal muscles on the opposite side of the body
---- all muscles of the body are connected to this |
|
|
Term
| which lobe houses the supplementary motor cortex? what does it do? |
|
Definition
| frontal -- involved in the motor planning of speech and it plays a secondary role in regulating muscle movements |
|
|
Term
| which lobe houses the brocas area? what does it do? |
|
Definition
| fontal - motor area for speech |
|
|
Term
| which lobe houses the primary somatic sensory area? what does it do? |
|
Definition
| parietal - integrates contralateral somesthetic sensations such as pressure, pain temperature and touch |
|
|
Term
| which lobe houses the post central gyrus? what does it do? |
|
Definition
| parietal - also known as the sensory cortex- integrates and controls somesthetic sensory impulses |
|
|
Term
| what is the auditory association responsible for in the dominant hemisphere? non-dominant? |
|
Definition
dominant: speech sounds to recognize sentences
nondominant: analyzes nonverbal sound stimuli (i.e. environmental noises and music) |
|
|
Term
| which lobe houses wernicke's area? what does it do? |
|
Definition
| temporal lobe - comprehends spoken and written language |
|
|
Term
| how are brocas and wernickes areas connected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the pyramidal system responsible for? |
|
Definition
| facilitating muscle movements |
|
|
Term
| which tract is critical to speech production? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the extrapyramidal system responsible for? |
|
Definition
| transmitting impulses that control postural support needed by fine-motor movements *** IMPORTANT IN MOTOR SPEECH PRODUCTIONS |
|
|
Term
| which system helps maintain posture and tone and helps regulate the movement that results from LMN activity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what allows areas hemispheres in the brain to communicate with each other? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the three types of connecting fibers? |
|
Definition
| projection fibers, association fibers and commissural fibers |
|
|
Term
| what do projection fibers do? |
|
Definition
| connect between cortex and subcortical structures (e.g. cerebellum, basal ganglia and spinal cord) |
|
|
Term
| what do association fibers do? |
|
Definition
| connect areas within a hemisphere (e.g. arcuate fasciculus) |
|
|
Term
| what do commissural fibers do? |
|
Definition
| connects the two hemispheres at their base (e.g. corpus callosum) |
|
|
Term
| what are the three layers of meninges? |
|
Definition
| dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater |
|
|
