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Central Dogma
Central Dogma Key Terms
14
Biology
10th Grade
03/13/2013

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Term
Anticodon
Definition
Three-base sequence in a transfer RNA molecule base that pairs with a complementary codon in mRNA
Term
Codon
Definition
Three-base sequence in messenger RNA that causes the insertion of a particular amino acid into a protein, or termination of translation.
Term

Exon

 

Definition

 

A segment of a DNA or RNA molecule containing information coding for a protein or peptide sequence.


Term
Genetic Code
Definition
A universal code that specifies protein synthesis in the cells of all living things. Each codon has 3 letters that stands for the DNA nucleotides that make up on of the 20 amino acids found in proteins.
Term
Intron
Definition

A segment of a DNA or RNA molecule that does not code for proteins and interrupts the sequence of genes.



Term
mRNA 
(messenger RNA)

 
Definition


Abbreviated form for messenger ribonucleic acid, the type of RNA that codes for the chemical blueprint for a protein(during protein synthesis.)


Term
Promoter
Definition
A person or thing that promotes something.
Term
Protein-coding Gene
Definition
A gene whose DNA sequence using transcription and transportation to production of one of many proteins.
Term

Ribonucleic Acid

(RNA)

Definition

A nucleic acid that is in all living cells.

It is the messenger that carries information and instructions from the DNA

Term
RNA polymerase
Definition
The enzyme that copies the DNA into RNA
Term
rRNA
(Ribosomal RNA)
 
Definition
A functional molecule that is not translated into DNA
Term
Transcription
Definition
A printed representation of something
Term
Translation
Definition
The process of changing words from one language to another
Term

tRNA

(Transfer RNA)

Definition

A type of RNA involves in protein synthesis, transporting amino acid to the ribosome to be added onto the polypeptide chain


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