Term
|
Definition
| discovered cellulae (Latin for cells)and the microscope. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
designed a microscope after being inspired by Hooke
Discovered small living creatures in substances like water and milk |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
German scientist who reported that animal tissues also consisted of individual cells
Made cell theory |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| invented the study of bacteria |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the conclusions of Schwann and Virchow
1. All living thins are composed of one or more cells.
2. Cells are the basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms.
3. Cells arise only from previous existing cells, with cells passing copies of their genetic material on to their daughter cells. |
|
|
Term
| Compound Light Microscope (CLM) |
|
Definition
a series of glass lenses which use visible light to produce a magnified image
the maximum magnification without blurring is about 1000x. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Uses magnets instead of lenses.
the specimen must:
1. be dead
2. sliced very thin, and
3. Stained with heavy metals |
|
|
Term
| Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) |
|
Definition
| a microscope where electrons are transmitted through a specimen to a fluorescent screen |
|
|
Term
| Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) |
|
Definition
a microscope that directs electrons over the surface of the specimen, producing a 3-D image.
-only nonliving tissues and cells can be observed. |
|
|
Term
| Scanning Tunneling EM (STM) |
|
Definition
a microscope that involves bringing a charged tip close to the specimen so that the electrons tunnel through the small gap between the specimen and the tip.
-Can be used on live specimens (unlike SEM and TEM) |
|
|
Term
| Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) |
|
Definition
| Microscope that measures various forces between the tip of the probe and the cell surface. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the outer boundary of the cell that helps regulate what enters and exits the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Have plasma membrane
2. Contain specialized microstructures called Organelles, each of which have special cellular functions.
3.Contains a nucleus and organelles that are membrane bound.
4.a nuclues is present
5.Organisms made of eukaryotic cells are known as Eukaryotes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. They don't have a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles.
2. Simpler than the eukaryotic cell.
3. Most unicellular organisms such as bacteria are prokaryotic cells hence they are called Prokaryotes
4. Many think these were some of the first organisms on earth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a symbiotic relationship that involved one prokaryote cell living in another prokaryotic cell with each benefiting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the environment inside the plasma membrane semifluid
organelles float freely in this |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the supporting network of long thin protein fibers that form a framework for the cell and an anchor for organelles inside the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long hollow protein cylinders that form a rigid skeleton for the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| thin protein threads that help give the cell shape and enable the entire cell or parts of the cell to move. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The cell's managing structure or its control center.
Contains most of the cell's DNA, which stores information used to make protein for the cell's growth, function, and reproduction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
help to manufacture proteins
Made of 2 components or subunits : RNA and Protein
They are made in the substructure calles nucleolus which is located in the nucleus. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a membrane system of folded sacs and interconnected channels that serves as the sire of protein and lipid synthesis. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when ribosomes produce proteins for export to other cells. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
a variety of carbohydrates and lipids, including phospholipids, are synthesized.
-it detoxifies harmful substances in the liver |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a flattened stack of membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into sacs called vesicles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| membrane bound vesicles that act as temporary storage compartments for waste products of the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| another type of vesicle that contain digestive enzymes to digest excess or worn-out organelles and food particles. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
group of microtubules similar to the cytoskeleton
fuctions during cell division
located in the cytoplasm usually near the nucleus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| usues enzymes to produce a usuable form of energy for the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the net movement of particles moving from an area of high concentration to low concentration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when substance are dissolved in water, particles are in constant motion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| even though the solution has equal parts throughout, the particles have constant movement |
|
|
Term
| 3 factors that affect the rate of diffusion |
|
Definition
1.Concentration
2.Temperature
3.Pressure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses transport proteins to move ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| they change shape as the substance diffuses through the protein |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| require no energy to move substances across the membrane because they are moving from a high to a low concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the measure of solute dissolved in the solvent. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solution in which the solute and solvent concentrations are the same |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if the cell is in a solution with lower solute concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the solution concentration is higher outside of the cell |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of transport that requires energy to go against the higher concentration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carrier proteins that assist in active transport |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| process by which a cell surrounds a substance on the outside, enclosing the substance in a portion of the plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secretion of materials at the plasma membrane |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| property of the plasma membrane that allows it to control movement of substances into or out of the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing th outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein that moves substances or wastes through the plasma membrane. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a plasma membrane with components constantly in motion, sliding past one another within the lipid bilayer. |
|
|
