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cellular respiration
harvesting chemical energy
43
Biology
Undergraduate 1
11/11/2008

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Term
Lactic acid is produced during
Definition
anaerobic metabolism
Term
The buring sensation of an over exercised muscle is produced by the buildup of
Definition
lactic acid
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
provides the food for most ecosystems
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
provides the energy to power a chemical process that makes organic molecules
Term
photosynthesis
Definition
occurs with in chloroplasts
Term
Chlorophyll
Definition
in chloroplasts makes plant leaves appear green
Term
plants and other photsynthetic organisms are
Definition
producers
Term
Heterotroph
Definition
organisms that cannot make organic molecules from inorganic ones
Term
plants use photosynthesis to join together
Definition
carbon dioxide and water to make oxygen and glucose
Term
cellular respiration
Definition
harvests energy stored in sugars and other organic molecules
Term
electron transport chain
Definition
oxygen functions like gravity, pulling electrons down the chain
Term
NADH undergoes the process of
Definition
oxidation when it donates its electrons to the electron transport chain
Term
what happens to the two carbons in acetyl CoA during the Krebs cycle?
Definition
released as CO2
Term
ATP synthase located within the inner mitochondrial membrane helps ATP
Definition
Term
Cellular respiration
Definition
is a metabolic pathway consisting of more than a dozen chemical reactions each catalyzed by a specific enzyme
Term
The krebs cycle
Definition
breaks down molecules of acetyl CoA and energy trapped by NADH
Term
Electron transport
Definition
most of the ATP from cellular respiration is powered by the Electron transport
Term
energy from the electron transport chain pumps
Definition
hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrial membrane
Term
Cellular respiration is an example of
Definition
metbolism
Term
Metabolism
Definition
the sum of all of the chemical processes that occur in cells
Term
how is your breathing related to your cellular respiration
Definition
breathing exchanges CO2 and O2
cells consume O2 and release Co2
Term
At the downhill end of the electron transport chain, when electrons from NADH are finally passed to oxygen, what waste product is produced?
Definition
Water H20
Term
What is the potential enery source that drives ATP production at ATP synthase?
Definition
a concentration gradient of H+ across the inner membrane of a mitochondrion
Term
Of the three main stages of cellular respiration which one uses oxygen directly to extract chemical energy to make ATP?
Definition
electron transport
Term
The oxidation of acetic acid by NAD+ extracs some chemical energy from the acetic acid. How can the cell harness the energy to make ATP
Definition
The NADH can supply electrons to the electron transport chain, which gererates and H+ gradient that drives ATP synthesis
Term
Which stage of cellular respiration happens outside the mitochondrin in cytosol?
Definition
glycolysis
Term
Fermentation
Definition
yours cells can produce ATP when no oxygen is present
Term
Fermentation
Definition
in your cells uses the process of glycolysis
Term
Fermentation
Definition
produces about 2 ATP per glucose molecule
Term
Fermintation
Definition
occurs when oxygen levels are not sufficient to support cellular respiration
Term
Fermination
Definition
is anaerobic
Term
During fermintation
Definition
pyruvic acid is converted to NAD+
Term
Yeast used to make beer and bread use fermentation to produce
Definition
ATP, ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide
Term
obligate aerobe
Definition
although our cells behave as facultative anaerobes our entire body is obligate aerobe
Term
some organisms called
Definition
obiliagte anaerobes, are unable to live in the presence of oxygen
Term
How many molecules of ATP are generated per molecule of gulucose during fermintaion? How many can be generatated during cellular respriation?
Definition
2 up to 38
Term
________acid is to human muscle cells as ethyl_______is to yeast.
Definition
lactic alcohol
Term
Glycolysis is considered to be an ancient metabolic process because
Definition
glycolysis occurs in cytosol
Term
The process of glycolysis may be
Definition
more than 3 billion years old
Term
The early Earth atmosphere had very little_______ favoring anaerobic organisms that could use glycolysis
Definition
O2
Term
Autotrophs
Definition
can live on nutrients that are entirely inorganic.
Term
Electron transport chain
Definition
produces the most ATP molecules per glucose
Term
In glycolysis________is oxidized and _______is reduced
Definition
glucose NAD+
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