Term
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Definition
| The totality of an organisms chemical reactions, consisting of catabolic and anabolic pathways, which mange the material and energy resources of the organism. |
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Term
| What is the difference between Anabolism and Catabolism |
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Definition
Catabolism means to release energy
Anabolism means to consume energy. Catabolic pathwys breakdown complex molecules, anabolic pathways synthesize a complex molecule from simpler ones. |
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Term
| What is the difference between Oxidation and Reduction |
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Definition
Oxidation - lose an electron
Reduction - Add an electron to another substance |
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Term
| What is used for energy in cells? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Chemiosmosis 2. Photosynthesising plants
3. From Glucose: Glucose is broken down into CO2 and H2O. The chemical energy released is used by FADH2 to drive a hydrogen ion gradient across the membranes of mitochondria to add a phosphate group to ADP, turning it into ATP. ATP is how all living things store chemical energy. |
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Term
| What purpose do NAD and FAD serve? |
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Definition
| Electron acceptor which functions as an oxidizing agent during respiration. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process in which energy stored in the form of hydrogen ion gradient across a membrane is used to drive cellular work such as the synthesis of ATP. |
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Term
| What are the products of Glycolysis? |
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Definition
1. Glucose --> 2 pyruvate + 2 H2O
2. 4 ATP formed - 2 ATP used --> 2 ATP
3. 2 NAD+ + 4e' = 4 H+ --> 2 NADH = 2 H+ |
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Term
| What are 3 pathways for Pyruvic acid? |
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Definition
1. Glycolosis
2. Citric Acid Cycle aka (The Krebs Cycle)
3. Electron transport System E.T.C.
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Term
| What must the Pyruvic acid be broken down into before it can enter the Krebs cycle? |
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Definition
| acetyl coenzyme A, or acetyl CoA |
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Term
| What are the products of the Krebs cycle? |
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Definition
4 CO2 molecules, 2 ATP, 12 Hydrogen
The whole purpose of the krebs cycle is to produce 12 hydrogens. |
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Term
| What is the Electron Transport Chain? |
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Definition
The pathway of electorn transport : a collection of molecules embedded in the inner membrane of the mitochondria in eukaryotic cells, In prokaryotes, these molecules resid ein the plasma membrane.
The electon - transport system E.T.C. is a series of enzymecontrolled reactions that converts the kinetic energy of H+ electrons to ATP.
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Term
| Where do the NADH and FADH that are needed in ETC come from? |
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Definition
| From Glycolysis and Citric Acid Cycle |
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Term
| What is the total ATP yield for the entire aerobic respiration process? |
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Definition
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Term
| Waht are some products of Fermentation? |
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Definition
| Ethanol, lactic acid, and hydrogen gas. |
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Term
| What does alcohol fermentation produce from pyruvic acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Distinguish between fermentation and cellular respiratioin. |
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Definition
- Cellular respiration:it's what happens under aerobic conditions. Which simply means when oxygen is present.
- Fermentation: Fermentation on the other hand is what happened and anaerobic conditions (when oxygen is not present).
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Term
| What are the 3 stages of cellular respiration and what region of the eukaryotic cell do they take place? |
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Definition
1) Glycolysis
2) Citric acid cycle aka Krebs cycle
3) Electron Transport Chain, ETC |
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Term
| Why is citric acid a cycle? |
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Definition
| It functions as a metabolic furnace that oxidizes organic fuel derived for pyruvate. |
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Term
| What is the proton motive force? How is it formed? |
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Definition
The force required to remove an electron from hydrogen.
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Term
| What is the difference between fermentation and anaerobic fermentation? |
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Definition
Diffrences between anaerobic and aerobic fermentation is
aerobic occurs in the presence of oxygen and 2 molecules of adenisine triphosphate while anaerobic is in the absence of oxygen and produces 34 molecules of adenosine triphosphate.
Lemme tell you all that there is no fermentation which is aerobic. In fact its will be wrong to classify fermentation process into aerobic and anaerobic. Its the respiration which can be aerobic or anaerobic. |
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Term
| Compare the fate of pyruvate in alcohol fermentation and lactic acid fermentation. |
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Definition
alcoholic fermentation:-
pyruvic acid + NADH ------> alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
lactic acid fermentation:-
pyruvic acid + NADH ------> lactic acid + NAD+
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Term
| Describe how food molecules other than glucose can be oxidized to make ATP. |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the first molecule in the equation for cellular respiratioin |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Second molecule in the equation for cellular respiratioin |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the third molecule in the equation for cellular respiratioin (waste) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the third molecule in the equation for cellular respiratioin (waste) |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the fourth item in the equation for cellular respiratioin (product) |
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Definition
| Energy in the form of ATP + Heat |
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Term
| What is the complete equation of cellular respiration? |
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Definition
| C6H12O6 + 6 O2 --> 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + energy (ATP + heat) |
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Term
| What type of reaction is cellular respiration? |
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Definition
| Catabolic and exergonic which means it releases energy. |
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Term
| What are the three concepts of cellular respiration? |
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Definition
1. Redox reactions (oxidation, reductions)
2. Coenzyme to transfer e' (NAD - NADH)
3. Electron Transport Chain or E.T.C. |
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