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Cellular Respiration
Glycoloysis, The Citric Acid Cycle and Oxidative Phophorylation
37
Biology
Undergraduate 2
10/13/2013

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Cards

Term
List the three steps of cellular respiration and their respective cellular locations.
Definition
Glycolysis:
The Citric Acid Cycle:
Oxidative Phosphorylation:
Term
Oxidation
Definition
Loss of electrons
Term
Reduction
Definition
Gain of electrons
Term

 

 

What are the NET energetic molecules produced by one molecule of glucose at each step of cellular respiration?

Definition

Glycolysis:      2  ATP  2 NADH

Krebs Cycle:   2  ATP   6 NADH  2FADH2

Oxi Phos:       28 ATP

Term

 

 

 

 

Glycolysis

Definition

 

C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP

[image]

Term

 

 

 

Glycolysis: Step 1

 

Name the reactants, products and enzyme

Number of carbons, phosphates and location

Definition

Glucose + ATP  Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP

 

Hexokinase

 

6C, 0P → 6C, 1P

[image]




Term

 

 

 

Glycolysis: Step 2

Definition

Glucose 6-phosphate → Fructose 6-phosphate

 

Phosphogluco-isomerase

 

6C, 1P → 6C, 1P

 

[image]

Term

 

 

 

 

Glycolysis: Step 3

Definition

Fructose 6-phosphate + ATP → Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate

 

Phospho-fructokinase

 

6C, 1P → 6C, 2P

[image]

Term

 

 

 

 

Glycolysis: Step 4

Definition

Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate → Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Fructose 1,6 bisphosphate → Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Aldolase

6C, 2P → 3C, 1P

[image]

Term

 

 

 

Glycolysis: Step 5

Definition

Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate ↔ Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

Isomerase

3C, 1P ↔ 3C, 1P

[image]


Term

 

 

 

 

Glycolysis: Step 6

Definition

(2)Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate + 2NAD+ + 2Pi → 

(2)1,3-Bisphospho-glycerate + 2NADH


Triose phosphate dehydrogenase

3C,1P → 3C, 2P

[image]

Term

 

 

 

 

Glycolysis: Step 7

Definition

(2)1,3-Bisphospho glycerate + 2ADP → (2)3-Phosphoglycerate + 2ATP


Phospho-glycero-kinase


3C, 2P → 3C, 1P


[image]



Term

 

 

 

Glycolysis: Step 8

Definition

(2)3-Phosphoglycerate → (2)2-Phosphoglycerate

 

Phospho-glycero-mutase

 

3C, 1P → 3C, 1P

[image]

Term

 

 

 

 

Glycolysis: Step 9

Definition

(2)2-Phosphoglycerate → (2)Phosphoenol-pyruvate (PEP) + 2H2O


Enolase


3C, 1P → 3C, 1P

[image]

Term

 

 

 

 

Glycolysis: Step 10

Definition

2 PEP + 2 ADP → 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP

 

Pyruvate Kinase

 

3C, 1P → 3C, 0P

[image]

Term

 

 

 

 

Energy investment phase

Definition

 

 

Steps 1 through 5

 

Glucose → Dihydroxyacetone phosphate ↔ Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Term

 

 

 

 

Energy payoff phase

Definition

 

 

Steps 6 through 10

 

Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate → Pyruvate

Term
Pyruvate oxidation
Definition
2Pyruvate oxidized by multienzyme complex which catalyzes 3 rxns

1) CO2
2) NAD+ > NADH + H+
3) Coenzyme A

> Acetyl CoA
Term

 

 

 

The Citric Acid Cycle: Step 1

Definition

 

 

Acetyl CoA + Oxaloacetate → Coa-SH + Citrate

 

Term

 

 

 

 

The Citric Acid Cycle: Step 2

Definition

 

 

Citrate → Isocitrate

 

H2O pops off and back on

Term

 

 

 

 

The Citric Acid Cycle: Step 3

Definition

 

 

Isocitrate + NAD+ → α-Ketogluterate + CO2 + NADH + H+

Term

 

 

 

 

 

The Citric Acid Cycle: Step 4

Definition

 

 

 

α-Ketogluterate + NAD+ + CoA-SH → 

 

SuccinylCoA + CO2 + NADH + H+

Term

 

 

 

 

The Citric Acid Cycle: Step 5

Definition

 

 

 

 

SuccinylCoA → CoA-SH + ATP + Succinate

Term

 

 

 

 

The Citric Acid Cycle: Step 6

Definition

 

 

 

Succinate + FAD+ → Fumarat + FADH2

Term

 

 

 

 

The Citric Acid Cycle: Step 7

Definition

 

 

 

 

Fumarat + H2O → Malat

Term

 

 

 

 

The Citric Acid Cycle: Step 8

Definition

 

 

 

Malat + NAD+ → Oxaloacetate + NADH

Term
The electron transport chain
Definition
Harvests energy from NADH and FADH2 to create ATP. Electron is passed down the chain to O2 which forms water. Located in the mitochondrial matrix, pumps H+ ions into inner membrane space.
Term
ATP Synthase
Definition
The protein complex responsible for chemiosmosis; powered by diffusion of H+ ions diffusing down their concentration gradient; creates ~32ATP
Term
What portions of cellular respiration would cease in the absence of oxygen. Why?
Definition
the ETC, chemiosmosis and the Citric acid cycle
Term
Anaerobic
Definition
Organism which doesn't require oxygen
Term
Alcohol fermentation
Definition
Pyruvate is converted to ethanol in 2 steps. The first releases CO2
Term
Lactic Acid fermentation
Definition
Pyruvate is reduced to NADH, forming lactate as an end product. No CO2 is released.
Term
What is the overall purpose of fermentation?
Definition
To generate ATP without the use of oxygen.
Term
Obligate anaerobes
Definition
Cannot survive in the presence of oxygen
Term
Facultative anaerobes
Definition
Can survive using fermentation or cellular respiration
Term
Other input molecules than glucose that are catabolized by the cell
Definition
Glycerol fatty acids and amino acids can enter cell respiration at later steps to be broken down into ATP.
Term
Biosynthesis
Definition
The body uses small molecules from food, glycolysis or the citric acid cycle to build other substances
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