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Cellular Respiration
Chapt 7 Section 1 Glycolysis and Fermentation
11
Biology
10th Grade
03/04/2010

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Term
Cellular Respiration
Definition
C.R. is the complex process in which cells make ATP by breaking down organic compounds.
Term
Pyruvic Acid
Definition
The three-carbon compound that is produced during glycolsis and needed for both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways of cellular respiration that follows glycolysis.
Term
NADH
Definition
The reduced form of NAD+; an electron-carrying molecule that functions in cellular respiration.
Term
Anaerobic
Definition
Anaerobic describes a process that does not require oxygen.
Term
Aerobic Respiration
Definition
If oxygen is present in the cell's environment, pyruvic acid is broken down and NADH is used to make a large amount of ATP through the process known as aerobic respiration.
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
The anaerobic breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid, which makes a small amount of energy available to cells in the form of ATP. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process because it does not require the presence of oxygen.
Term
NAD+
Definition
an organic molecule that serves as an electron carrier by being oxidized to NAD+ and reduced to NADH.
Term
Fermentation
Definition
The breakdown of carbohydrates by enzymes, bacteria, yeasts, or mold in the absense of oxygen.
Term
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Definition
The chemical breakdown of carbohydrates that produces lactic acid as the main end product.
Term
Alcoholic Fermentation
Definition
The anaerobic process by which yeasts and other microoganisms break down sugars to form carbon dixoide and ethanol.
Term
Kilocalorie
Definition
A unit of energy equal to 1,000 calories.
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