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| What phase of meiosis is shown in the attached diagram? [image] |
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Definition
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Term
| What phase of meiosis is shown in the attached diagram?[image] |
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Definition
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| What phase of meiosis is shown in the attached diagram?[image] |
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Definition
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| What phase of meiosis is shown in the attached diagram?[image] |
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Definition
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Term
| What phase of is the cell in the diagram below in?[image] |
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Definition
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| What phase of meiosis is shown in the attached diagram?[image] |
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Definition
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| What phase of meiosis is shown in the attached diagram?[image] |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| short, thick, twisted strand of DNA |
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Term
| What term would you use to describe the chromosome number of the these cells that were just formed after Telophase II?[image] |
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Definition
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Definition
| structure that holds sister chromatids together |
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Definition
| one chromosome of a pair, that is identical to the other in the pair |
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Term
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Definition
| Structure found in the centrosome that helps with the spindle structure |
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Term
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Definition
| Structure that helps arrange and guide hte movement of chromosomes throughout mitosis or meiosis |
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Term
| What events occur in Prophase? |
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Definition
| 1. Nuclear membrane dissolves 2. Chromosomes become visible 3. Spindle begins to appear |
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Term
| What events occur in Metaphase? |
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Definition
| 1. Spindle fibers fully form 2. Chromosomes attach to spindle 3. Chromsomes move to center/middle of the cell |
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Term
| What events occur during Anaphase? |
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Definition
| 1. Centromeres separate sister chromatids 2. Each chromatid begins to move to each pole 3. Identical copies are separated |
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Term
| What events occur during Telophase? |
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Definition
| 1. Chromosomes gather at poles 2. Nuclear membrane begins to form 3. Cell membrane in animals begins to pinch / plant cells begin to make cell plate |
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Term
| What are the three phases that make up Interphase? |
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Definition
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Term
| What occurs during Synthesis of Interphase? |
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Definition
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Term
| What events occur during G1 of Interphase? |
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Definition
| 1. Growth of the overall cell 2. Daily cellular functions |
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Term
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Definition
| Division of the cytoplasm and cellular organelles during cellular division |
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Term
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Definition
| Division of the cytoplasm and cellular organelles during cellular division |
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Term
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Definition
| Sequence of specific events from the formation of a cell through its reproduction |
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Term
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Definition
| Form of cellular division that produces 2, diploid, identical daughter cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Form of cellular division that produces 4, haploid, sex cells |
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Term
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Definition
| term used to refer to a cell with 1/2 a complete set of chromosomes |
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Definition
| Term used to refer to a cell with a complete set of chromosomes |
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Term
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Definition
| Structure formed by 4 sister chromatids/a homologous pair. This is where crossing over will occur if its going to happen. |
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Term
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Definition
| When portions of homologous pairs exchange places. Contributes to genetic variation/recombination |
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Term
| Name 3 purposes of mitosis: |
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Definition
| 1. Growth of overall organism (increase in cell numbers) 2. Maintain surface area to volume ratio of a cell 3. repair or replacement of injured/old/dead cells |
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Term
| Name 1 purpose of meiosis: |
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Definition
| To form haploid sex cells/gametes |
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Term
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Definition
| cells used in fertilization to complete sexual reproduction of an organism |
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Term
| Where would meiosis occur? |
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Definition
| Reproductive organs ONLY such as ovaries or testes |
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Term
| Where would mitosis occur? |
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Definition
| In any body tissue (muscle, bone, skin) EXCEPT reproductive organs |
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Term
| What types of organisms use mitosis to reproduce the organism? |
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Definition
| Unicellular or very simple organisms such as bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| Chromosomes on the 23rd pair of a karyotype. The pair that determines the gender (male/female) of an organism |
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Term
| How many usable eggs are produced during meiosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many usable sperm are created during one sequence of meiosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which process mitosis or meiosis will produce daughter cells identical to the parent cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why is the first half of meiosis often called the reduction division? |
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Definition
| Because it REDUCES the number of chromosomes by 1/2 |
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Term
| Name a type of cell that goes through the cell cycle relatively quickly and explain why. |
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Definition
| Stomach cell- worn away by acids Skin- lost to environment |
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Term
| What is the correct order for the phases of mitosis? |
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Definition
| Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase |
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Term
| What would happen to the number of chromosomes in a species if mitosis was used to produce gametes? |
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Definition
| The chromosome number would double every generation. |
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Term
| How many chromosomes are found in one cell of a healthy human? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name two examples of gametes: |
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Definition
| sperm, eggs, spores, pollen |
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Term
| What two processes together result in sexual reproduction? |
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Definition
| 1. Meiosis = formation of gametes 2. Fertilization = combining of gametes |
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Term
| If an organism's gamete contains 44 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would be in the skin of that species? |
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Definition
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Term
| Homologous Chromosomes (pairs) |
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Definition
| Pairs made one from father and one from mother, similar in size, shape, location of centromere, but NOT identical. Both have info for eye color one may say brown, other say blue. |
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Term
| Is there an interphase between Meiosis I and Meiosis II? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many phases are in Meiosis? How many phases are in Mitosis? |
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Definition
| Meiosis has 8 Mitosis has 4 |
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Term
| Name the 3 types of muscles: |
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Definition
1. Skeletal
2. Cardiac
3. Smooth |
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Term
| What are skeletal muscles? |
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Definition
| Muscles under voluntary control that are connected to the bones and provide movement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscles found in organs, involuntary |
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Term
| Where are cardiac muscles found? |
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Definition
| In the heart only and are involuntary |
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Term
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Definition
| The body's way of self-regulating body temperature, pH, respiration rate, blood pressure, etc. |
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Term
| Give and example of a skeletal muscle: |
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Definition
| bicep, femoris, tricep, deltoid, trapezius |
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Term
| Give an example of a smooth muscle: |
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Definition
| Those lining digestive tract, those in stomach, diapragm |
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Term
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Definition
| Sequence of 3 nitrogen bases found on tRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| These are linked together to form polypeptide chains |
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Term
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Definition
| Sequence of 3 nitrogen bases found on mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| Sugar that is in the backbone of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| single stranded RNA that brings info from DNA in nucleus to ribosome |
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Term
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Definition
| form the rungs of DNA or RNA, four in each molecule |
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Term
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Definition
| monomer that builds a protein, composed of nitrogen base, phosphate, and sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the backbone of DNA or RNA, does NOT connect to the sugar |
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Term
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Definition
| 100+ amino acids linked together |
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Term
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Definition
| product formed in ribosome, expresses genetics |
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Term
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Definition
| process of creating identical strands of DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| sugar found in backbone of RNA |
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Term
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Definition
| part of the backbone in RNA or DNA, is attached to the nitrogen bases |
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Term
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Definition
| process of reading DNA and creating mRNA |
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Term
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Definition
| process of reading mRNA and forming the amino acid chain |
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Term
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Definition
| short pieces of RNA that move amino acids from the cytoplasm to the ribosome |
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Term
| Where in the cell does transcription take place? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in the cell does translation take place? |
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Definition
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Term
What is the molecule in the attached pic?
How do you know?[image] |
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Definition
DNA, it is a double helix, RNA would only be single
Secondly, it has the nitrogen base T only found in DNA |
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Term
| What are the structures in the attached pic?[image] |
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Definition
| Nitrogen bases, specifically those found in DNA. IF it was RNA, the T would be substituted with a U. |
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Term
| [image]The arrows pointing up and down on the sides of the image below indicate what about the structure? |
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Definition
| The arrows indicate that the DNA model is antiparallel. |
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Term
[image]
How many nucleotides are in the image above? |
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Definition
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Term
Which part of a chromosome contains the genetic information?
A. The proteins
B. The DNA |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of the proteins that DNA wraps itself around when it is in chromosome form? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A virus that attacks bacteria. It changes the DNA of the bacteria. |
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Term
| What is the role of DNA polymerase in the replication process? |
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Definition
| DNA polymerase unzips the DNA double helix so that it can go through the replication process. |
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Term
| Why is the process of DNA replication considered semiconservative? |
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Definition
| As DNA replicates, it creates an identical sequence of DNA however each double strand is made of one new strand as well as one of the original strands. |
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Term
| Why does DNA replicate itself? |
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Definition
| DNA is replicated so that when the cell replicates, an extra copy of the DNA/chromosomes is available for the new cell's nucleus. |
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Term
| Explain what introns and exons mean to the process of transcription. |
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Definition
| When mRNA is transcribed it copies the entire section of DNA. However only the gene is required, therefore the enzymes evaluate and "cut out" the extra or nucleotides that are not needed. The extras are called the introns, these remain in the nucleus. The needed pieces called exons are then spliced together and leave the nucleus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any change in the sequence of nucleotides of DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any mutation causing substance. |
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Term
| Are all DNA mutations harmful? |
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Definition
| No, some mutations provide variation that natural selection can then act upon. |
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Term
Name the two groups that all nitrogen bases fall into:
Bonus- be able to explain why one of each always pairs together. |
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Definition
Purines & Pyrimidines
By pairing a purine with a pyrimidine the DNA maintains a constant diameter. |
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