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Cellular Reproduction and Heredity
Unit 3
25
Science
7th Grade
10/05/2010

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Cards

Term

Allele

Definition
The different forms of a gene
Term

Gene

Definition
A segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
Term

Trait

Definition
A characteristic that an organism can pass on to its offspring through it's genes
Term

Phenotype

Definition
An organism's physical appearance, or visible traits
Term

Sexual Reproduction

Definition
The reproductive process that involves two parents who combine their genetic material to produce a new organism, which differs from both parents
Term

Recessive Allele

Definition
An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present
Term

Codominace

Definition
A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant of recessive
Term

Probability

Definition
The likelihood that a particular event will occur
Term

Mutation

Definition
A change in a gene or chromosome
Term

Dominant Allele

Definition
An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present
Term

Asexual Reproduction

Definition
A reproductive process that involves only one parent and produces offspring that are identical to the parent
Term

Purebred

Definition
The offspring of many generations that have the same traits
Term

Selective Breeding

Definition
The process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation
Term

Mitosis

Definition
The stage of the cell cycle during which the cell’s nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell
Term

Hybrid

Definition
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait
Term

Genetics

Definition
The scientific study of heredity
Term

Meiosis

Definition
The process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half
Term

Heredity

Definition
The passing of traits from parents to offspring
Term

Genotype

Definition
An organism’s genetic makeup, or allele combinations
Term

Inbreeding 

Definition
A selective breeding method in which two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed
Term

Punnett Square

Definition
A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross
Term

Genetic Engineering

Definition
The transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism, in order to produce an organism with desired traits
Term

Sex-linked Gene

Definition
A gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome
Term

Clone

Definition
An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced
Term

Gene Therapy

Definition
The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder
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