Term
| What is adenosine triphosphate's (ATP's) role in energy use? |
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Definition
- ATP is the energy carrier between exergonic and edergonic reactions.
- ATP has pyrophosphate bonds which store a lot of energy
- ATP is constantly regenerated from ADP
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Term
| Anabolism is powered by chemical energy in the form of ATP. Show the abbreviated reaction. |
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Definition
| ATP ---> ADP + Pi + energy |
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Term
| In catabolism, energy from teh breakdown in glucose is used to make ATP from ADP and a phosphate ion (Pi). Show the abbreviated reaction. |
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Definition
| ADP + Pi + energy ----> ATP |
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Term
| What is the function of enzymes? |
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Definition
| Enzymes are protein molecules that function as organic catalysts to speed up chemical reactions. |
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Term
| What are cofactors and are they necessary for all enzymes? |
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Definition
- A cofactor is a molecule that binds to an enzyme so that it can function.
- They are not necessary for all enzymes.
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Term
| Name one cofactor involved in glucose catabolism. |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 factors influence enzyme activity? |
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Definition
Subtrate concentration Tempertature pH |
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Term
| What is a metabolic pathway? |
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Definition
A series of chemical reactions within a cell whereby a principal chemical is modified through chemical reactions. Examples: glycolysis, Kreb's cycle, anaerobic respiration |
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Term
| What is the difference between competitive and non-competitive (allosteric) enzyme inhibition? |
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Definition
- Competitive: The inhibitor binds to the same active site as the normal enzyme substrate, without undergoing a reaction.
- Non-competitive (allosteric): the inhibitor binds to the enzyme at a site other than the enzyme's active site (called an allosteric site) and causes a change in shape of the ezyme.
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Term
| What is feedback inhibition? |
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Definition
A process by which the accumulated end product of a biochemical pathway stops synthesis of that product. (For example, the end-product is a non-competitive inhibotor that alters a necessary enzyme along the metabolic pathway) |
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Term
| What is a REDOX reaction? |
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Definition
| One in which there is a transfer of electrons from one molecule to another. |
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Term
What is oxidation? What is reduction? |
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Definition
- Oxidation: The removal of an electron. It releases energy.
- Reduction: The addition of an electron. It requires energy input.
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Term
| What class of biological macromolecules do enzymes belong to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is an important example of a redox reaction? |
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Definition
NAD+ + 2H ----> NADH + H+ |
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Term
| In cell respiration, how are electrons transported? |
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Definition
| They are transported as H ions and/or atoms |
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