Term
| Name 8 major functions of proteins |
|
Definition
1. Enzymatic
2. Mechanical
3. Structural
4. Cell Signaling
5. Cell Adhesion
6. Carrier Molecule
7. Binding Proteins
8. Influence oncotic pressure |
|
|
Term
| The majority of proteins act as __ that catalyze reactions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most of the substrates and intermediate catalysts for the metabolic processes (Glycolysis, TCA, and oxydative phosphorylation ) are what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mechanical proteins can provide motor functionality to cells, meaning they can actually MOVE a cell. Name 2 proteins that mechanically cause contraction of a cell. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These types of proteins are cytoskeletal and provide stability, size, and shape of cells. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In neurons, these types of proteins shuttle neurotransmitters down to the ends of the neurons. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cell signaling proteins can participate in cell communication in what 2 ways? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of protein acts as a membrane receptor, both intra- and extracellular to pick up the message. |
|
Definition
| Receptor Cell Signaling Protein |
|
|
Term
| This type of protein acts as the signal itself to be the message. Ex: insulin in ECF |
|
Definition
| Signal Cell Signaling Protein |
|
|
Term
| This type of protein can bind cells or act as junctions between cells (gap junctions, cadherins in desmosomes) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| This type of protein participates in transporting molecules in the blood and interstitium |
|
Definition
| Carrier Molecule Proteins |
|
|
Term
| What is the carrier protein that transports O2? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These types of proteins can stabilize free molecules for transport |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These types of proteins participate a lot in gene transcription |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Being bound by a protein keeps it ___ until it needs to be used. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Also known as colloid osmotic pressure |
|
Definition
| Influence Oncotic Pressure |
|
|
Term
| Caused by the concentration of proteins in a solution |
|
Definition
| Influence oncotic pressure |
|
|
Term
| Influence oncotic pressure is a form of osmotic pressure. Oncotic pressure is exerted on the internal membranes of vasculature and tends to do what? |
|
Definition
| Pull water into the circulatory system |
|
|
Term
| When plasma protein is low, water tends to do what? |
|
Definition
| Leak out of capillaries into the tissue (edema) |
|
|
Term
| IV therapies can be used to replace lost proteins by using what? |
|
Definition
| Colloid solutions (contains proteins) |
|
|
Term
| ___ is a colloid solution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is used if a patient lost a large amount of blood like from a transfusion or hemmorhage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Proteins that are located in the plasma portion of the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do proteins help oncotic pressure? |
|
Definition
| They are too large to freely float out of the capillaries. This works to increase oncotic pressure and prevents H2O from leaking out. |
|
|
Term
| What is the normal serum total protein level? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most abundant serum protein? |
|
Definition
| Albumin (50-60% of proteins) |
|
|
Term
| Where is albumin synthesized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Generally refers to any plasma protein that is water soluble and heat denatured |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Binds water, cations, fatty acids, bilirubin, drugs, steroids and thyroid hormones. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the main function of albumin? |
|
Definition
| to regulate oncotic pressure (between the vasculature and tissues) |
|
|
Term
| Normal albumin levels in serum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Normal albumin levels in urine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Low serum albumin in blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Is hypo or hyper albuminemia more common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hypoalbuminemia can be indicative of __ disease or excess excretion by __ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why might hypoalbuminemia be indicative of liver disease? |
|
Definition
| Because albumin is made in the liver |
|
|
Term
| Why might hypoalbuminemia mean excess excretion by the kidneys? |
|
Definition
| Because the blood is being filtered too much |
|
|
Term
| The process of pushing fluids back into the vascular system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The process of pushing fluids out of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name 4 possible causes of hypoalbuminemia |
|
Definition
1. Liver disease
2. excess excretion by kidneys
3. Burns
4. Acute dz states |
|
|
Term
| Why might burns be a cause of hypoalbuminemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why might acute dz states cause hypoalbuminemia? |
|
Definition
| Albumin is downregulated by inflammation |
|
|
Term
| High levels of albumin in the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What might hyperalbuminemia cause? |
|
Definition
| Severe/chronic dehydration (pulling water out of cells because of high albumin in cells |
|
|
Term
| Chemical messengers bind to proteins called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The decreased production of receptors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many receptors are bound at one time |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most chemical messengers are water-soluble and bind to receptors located where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Some binding sites can have multiple ligands competing to bind to that specific receptor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Binds to receptor and stimulates the response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Binds to the receptor and inhibits the cell response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The concept of a receptor being activated and what happens after that |
|
Definition
| Signal Transduction Pathway |
|
|
Term
| Plasma membrane receptors can be classified based on the signal transduction pathway they use. Name 7. |
|
Definition
1. Ligand gated ion channels
2. Enzyme regulated
3. JAKs
4. G-protein coupled
5. cAMP
6. Phos C, DAC, and IP3
7.. Ca2++ messenger systems |
|
|
Term
| The process by which the stimulus is converted into a cellular response |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give an example of a lipid soluble molecule |
|
Definition
| Hormones (steroid, thyroid) |
|
|
Term
| Give a few examples of water-soluble molecules |
|
Definition
NaCl
Serotonin
Glutamate
Autocrine and Paracrine |
|
|
Term
| These do not need a receptor to get in, they can dissolve thru the membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| These primarily bind to extracellular receptors |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The product of gene transcription is to synthesize what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a receptor is on the nuclear membrane what is it called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Intracellular receptors are primarily involved in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ca2++ messenger systems: the 1st messenger binds to the extracellular receptor, the 2nd messenger is inside the cell. It can depolarize cells and diffuse into the cell to induce what? |
|
Definition
|
|
