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| List the parts of Cell Theory |
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Definition
1) All living things are made up of one or more cells
2) Cells are the basic unit of structure for life
3) Cells can only come from other existing cells |
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Term
| As cells get larger, what happens to their surface area-to-volume ratio? Why is this important? |
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Definition
It gets smaller. When a cell gets larger it can absorb more nutriends and release more waste.
Cell size is limited due to surface:volume ratio |
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Term
| List the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells |
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Definition
Prokaryotic cells have one loop of genetic material, a cell wal, no nucleus, and is single celled. Eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane bound organelles and are multicellular.
- prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus and eukaryotic cells do.
- prokaryotic cells lack membrane bound organelles (like mitochondria, chlorplasts, golgi apparattus, ER, etc.) and eukaryotic cells do not.
- prokaryotic cells are not found in humans and eukaryotic cells are.
- prokaryotic cells are always unicellular and eukaryotic cells are often multicellular.
- prokaryotic cells reproduce/divide by binary fission and eukaryotic cells reproduce/divide by mitosis/meiosis |
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Term
| Differentiate between a plant and animal cell |
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Definition
| Plant cells have a cell wall and cell membrane, central vacuole, plastids, and chloroplast. Animal cells have only a cell membrane, no cell wall, small vacuoles, cillia, and lysosomes in their cytoplasm |
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Term
| What is the difference in structure and function of flagella and pili? |
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Definition
| Flagella are used for movement and are large long strands, Pili are short and hairlike and attach to surfaces |
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Term
| How and where is genetic material stored in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells? |
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Definition
| In prokaryotes it is floating in the cytoplasym, in eukaryotic it is stored in the nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| A small circular strand of DNA found in the cytoplasym of prokaryotes |
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Term
| What are the 3 shapes of bacteria? |
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Definition
Cocus- circle
Bacillus- tube
Spirillum- spiral |
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Term
| Why is it important to know if bacteria are gram + or -? How can you tell which type of bacteria you are seeing? |
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Definition
| Becayse you can learn how to destroy/treat illnesses. Negative has 2 outer layers making it much more dangerous. Negative is pink, positive is purple. |
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Term
| What is binary fission? What is conjugation? The difference between the two? |
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Definition
| Binary fission is asexual and it occurs when a cell splits and its DNA replicates itself by making a copy of the plasmid (Prokaryote). Conjugation is sexual, and it occurs when one cell exchanges it genetic info with another cell and creates new DNA (Eukaryote). |
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Term
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Definition
| A capsid is the protective protein coat that surrounds a virus. It protects the nucleic acid of the virus from attack by host's defensive cells |
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Term
| Breifly explain the lytic and lysogenic cycles of a virus. Include what happens to the viral genetic material and where it goes. |
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Definition
| The lytic cycle is when a virus attaches to a cell, injects itself, produces more virus parts by breaking up the DNA of the cell, assembles them, and then releases them by exploding the cell. The lysogenic cycle is when a virus attaches to a cell, injects itself, hides in the DNA, and the cell divides. This will eventually result in the lytic cycle. |
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Term
| What are viroids and prions? |
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Definition
| Viroids are RNA with no capsid. They are smaller than viruses and are circular, single-stranded molecules of infectious RNA lacking even a protein coat (capsid). THINK PLANTS! Prions are infectious protein particles that do not contain DNA or RNA. Diseases are caused by the conversion of a normal host glycoprotein into an infectious form. They cause neurological diseases. THINK MAD COW! |
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Term
| List Koch's Postulates and what they are used for. |
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Definition
Koch's postulates are the four principles that define a disease as caused by a specific microbe.
1) The microorganism is present in large numbers of diseased hosts, but not in healthy ones.
2) The microorganism can be isolated and grown in a culture.
3) The microorganism causes the disease if introduced into a healthy host.
4) After infection of a new host, the identical microorganism can again be isolated and recultured. |
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