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-All living things composed of cells
-basic units of structure and function
-new cells produced from existing ones |
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| Large membrane-enclosed structure that countaines DNA. control center of cell. |
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| cells that contain nuclei |
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| cells that do not contain nuclei (bacteria) |
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| Structures that act as if specialized organs in a cell |
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| portion of cell outside the nucleus |
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| two membranes that enclose the nucleus |
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| granular material inside nucleus that consists of DNA bound to protein |
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| Threadlike structures that contain genetic info passed from one generation of cells to the next |
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| Small, dense region inside nucleus that assembles ribosomes |
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| Small particles of RNA and protein found throughout the cytoplasm. produce protein |
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| Site where lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled, along with proteins and other materials that are exported from the cell. |
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| Ribosomes found on surface. chemically modifies ribosomes |
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| Collections of enzymes that perform specialized tasks |
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| modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the e.r for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell |
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| small organelles filled the enzymes, breakdown lipids, carbs, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell. removes junk (found in animal cells only) |
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| saclike structures that store materials (water!) |
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| Pumps excess water out of cell |
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| maintenance of a controlled internal environment |
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| convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
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| capture energy from sunlight and convert it in photosynthesis. (contain chlorophyll) |
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| network of protein filaments that help the cell to maintain its shape. (involves in movement) |
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| support cell, help it move. made of protein called actin |
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| made of proteins called tubulins. maintain cell shape and help cell division |
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| located near nucleus. help to organize cell division |
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| thin, flexible barrier made of double layered sheet called lipid bilayer that surround cells. regulates what enters and leaves the cell |
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| in plant cells and some others. produce strong supporting layer around the membrane |
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| Cell membrane composition |
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| Lipid bilayer, embedded proteins, carbohydrate molecules attached to many proteins. carbs act as ID cards |
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| made of cellulose, carbs, and proteins |
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| When particles move from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated |
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| Concentration of solute is the same throughout a system |
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| the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
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| Concentration same inside and outside |
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| higher solute concentration than the cell, water LEAVING |
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| lower solute concentration than cell, water IN |
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| cell membrane helps diffusion across membrane. |
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| no energy required for process |
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| energy required for process. pumps/transport proteins generally used. large molecules need this |
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| infoldings of the cell membrane takes material into cell. forms vacuole in cytoplasm |
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| extensions of cytoplasm surround a particle and package it in a food vacuole. cell engulfs it, |
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| tiny pockets form along membrane, fill with liquid and pinch off to form vactuoles |
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| cells release large amounts of material. membrane of vacuole fuses with cell membrane forcing contents out |
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| group of similar cells that perform specific function |
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| group of tissues that work together |
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| group of organs that work together to perform specific function |
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