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| new cells are produced from existing cells |
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| basic units of all forms of life, all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of living things |
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| contains the DNA, controls the cells activities |
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| organized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell, little organs |
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| material inside the cell membrane not including nucleus |
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| layer of 2 membranes around nucleus |
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| grainular material on nucleus |
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| structures within nucleus containing DNA |
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| where the assembly of ribosmomes begin |
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| particles of RNA + proteins foind in cytoplasm |
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| internal membrane system where lipids of membranes are assembled and some proteins are modified |
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| modifes, sorts, packages proteins + other materials from the ER for storage |
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| filled with enzymes used for digestion or breaking down lipids, carbs, and proteins |
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| saclike structures that store materials |
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| organelles that convert chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are easier for cells to use |
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| capture energy from sunlight and convert it into chemical energy(photosynthesis) |
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| network of protein filamemnts helps cell maintain shape and movement |
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| help organize cell division |
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| thin, flexible barrier around cells that regulate what enters and leaves the cell |
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| suppoting layer around membrane provides support and protection |
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| 2 layer sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes |
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| mass of a solute in a given solution Mass/Volume |
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Definition
| molecules tend to move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration |
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| when the concentration of a solute is equal |
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| diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane |
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| when the concentration of 2 solution is the same |
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| when comparing 2 solutions- solution with greater concentration |
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| when comparing 2 solutions- the solution with lesser concentration |
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| movement of specific molecules accross cell membranes through protein channels |
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| requires energy, moves materila against concentration difference |
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| process by which cell takes material by infolding of the cell membrane |
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| process in which extensions of cytoplasm surrounds large particles |
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| process by which a cell takes in liquid |
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| process by which cell releases lage amounts of material |
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| process in which different cells have different jobs |
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| group of similar cells that perform a similar function |
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| group of tissues that work together to perform related function |
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| group of organs that work togtehr to perform specific functions |
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| specializd cells that use flagella to move through the sponge |
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| large hole at top of sponge where water leaves the sponge |
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| spike structure that makes up skeletons of harder sponges |
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| speacialized cell in sponge that makes spicules |
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| process in which eggs are fertilized inside sponges body |
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| immature state of an organism looks different than adult form |
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| group of archaeocytes, surrounded b spicules, produced by sponges |
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| cell that is uniquely suited to perform a specific function |
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| tissue that covers the surface of the body, and lines internal organs |
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| tissue that hold in place and binds different parts of the body together |
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| tissue that recieves messages from the ody external and internal enviornment, analyzes it, and directs a response |
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| tissue that controls the internal movement in the body, as well as external |
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| process b which organisms maintain a stable internal enviornment |
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| process in which the product or result stops or limits the process |
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| the totality of an organism's chemical processes |
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| degradative process that release energy by breakind down complex molecules to simpler compounds |
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| consume energy to build complicated molecules from simpler ones |
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Definition
| energy of motion, energy doing work |
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| stored energy that has the capacity to do work |
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| the study of the energy transformations that occur in collection of matter |
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| collection of matter under study which is isolated from its surroundings |
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| system in which energy can be transferred between the system and its surroundings |
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| a quantitative measure of disorder or randomness, symbolized by S |
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| the quantity of energy that must be absorbed to break a particular kind of chemical bond; equal to the quantity of energy the bond releases when it forms |
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| a reaction where the free enery of a system decreases |
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Term
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Definition
| the portion of a system's energy that can perform work when temperature is uniform throughout the system |
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Definition
| proceeds with a net release of free energy, delta G is negative |
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Definition
| absorbs free energy from its surroundings, delta G is positive |
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| delta G equals zero, can do no work |
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| a chemical agent that changes the rate of a reaction without being consumed by the reaction |
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| the energy required to break bonds in the reactant molecules |
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| the reactant an enzyme acts on |
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| the restricted region of the enzyme molecule where the enzyme bonds to the substrate |
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Definition
| allows the enzyme to change its state so the active site and substrate fit snugly |
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Definition
| nonprotein helpers of enzymes for catalytic activity |
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Definition
| an organic molecule that is a cofactor |
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Definition
| resemble the normal substrate molecule and reduce the productivity of enzymes by blocking the active site |
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Term
| noncompetitive inhibitors |
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Definition
| impede ezymatic reactions by binding to a part of the enzyme away from the active site |
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Definition
| if an enzyme has two or more subunits and one substrate molecule activates the other subunits |
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Definition
| when a metabolic pathway is switched off by its end product |
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Definition
| Ability of a microscope to see an image clearly |
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Definition
| regulates amount of light coming through the stage |
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Definition
| Organism that can make its own food |
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Definition
| Organism that feeds upon others for nutrition |
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| Cell organelle where protein synthesis occurs |
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| Organelle that packages cell proteins |
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| Organelle of animal cell that helps pull chromosomes apart in mitosis |
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| Organelle where photosynthesis occurs in plant cells |
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| Transportation system of the cell |
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| green pigment that can absorb the energy of the sun |
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Definition
| Organelle in the nucleus that makes RNA |
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Definition
| Cell organelle that controls the activities |
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| Thick fluid in the chloroplast |
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Term
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Definition
| Dislike structure that contains chlorophyll in the chloroplast |
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| Folds in the mitochondrion |
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Definition
| cell organelle that acts as a powerhouse for the cell |
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Definition
| Cell with a true nucleus and membrane bounded organelles |
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Definition
| Primitive cell lacking a nucleus and membrane bound organelles |
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Definition
| Cell respiration that does not use oxygen and produces CO2 and alcohol |
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Definition
| Chemical causing muscle soreness when oxygen is not available |
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Term
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Definition
| cell division process that produces two daughter cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell division that produces sex cells |
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Definition
| process requiring energy that moves materials in and out of cells |
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Definition
| Process by which large molecules are excreted from a cell |
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Definition
| process by which large molecules are taken into a cell |
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Definition
| movement of water through a membrane from high to low concentration |
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Definition
| movement of molecules from areas of high to low concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of molecules through channels in the cell membrane |
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Definition
| Half the normal number of chromosomes found in sex cells |
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Definition
| the normal number of chromosomes found in body cells |
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Definition
| building blocks of proteins |
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Definition
| substance that an enzyme reacts with |
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Definition
| protein that speeds up a chemical reaction without it being used up |
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Definition
| scale used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a substance |
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Definition
| number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element |
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Definition
| number of protons and neutrons in an atom |
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Definition
| pure substance that cannot be broken down chemically into a simpler substance |
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| idea that life can only arise from preexisting life |
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Term
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Definition
| Idea that life can come from non-living things |
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