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cells
study skills assignment #3
60
Biology
Undergraduate 1
06/21/2013

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Term
What are the features all cells have in common?
Definition
DNA,RNA, ribosomes, proteins, cytoplasm, cell membrane
Term
What is the function of ribosomes?
Definition
Manufacture proteins
Term
What is the cytoplasm's function
Definition
fluid that occupies much of the valume of the cell.
Term
why are cells so tiny?
Definition
Each cell must have abundant surface area to accomodate exchanges of nutrients, water, carbon dioxide and waste products.
Term
What is the main difference between Prokaryotes, and Eukaryotes?
Definition
Prokaryotes do not contain a nucleus and eukryotes do
Term
What are the three domains fo life?
Definition
bacteria, archea, and eukarya
Term
What is a nucleoid?
Definition
Area where the cells DNA molecule is located
Term
What is a cell Wall?
Definition
Surrounds the cell memrane of most bacteria protecting the cell and preventing it from bursting if it absorbs too much water
Term
What gives a cell its shape?
Definition
cell wall
Term
What is flagella?
Definition
tail-like appendages that enable cels to move
Term
______________cells resemb le bacteria cells.
Definition
Archea
Term
Which domain contains biochemicals that are different from other domains?
Definition
Archea
Term
Give some examples of eukaryotic cells
Definition
plant cells, animal cells, yeast, mushrooms, fungi, and one celled protists
Term
What is the main difference between plant and animal cells?
Definition
animal cells don't have a plsma membrane but contain a cell wall instead.
Term
What is bigger a prokaryote or eukaryote cell?
Definition
eeukaryotic cells are 10-100 times greater than prokaryotic cells
Term
What are organelles?
Definition
compartments that specialized functions
Term
What seperates the cytoplasm from the outside of the cel?
Definition
Plasma membrane
Term
Waht is the cell membrane composed of?
Definition
Phospholipids
Term
What makes up the phospholipid bilaryer?
Definition
phosphate heads that are polar and atracted to water, and two fatty acid tails which are hydrophobic
Term
What prevents ions and polar molecules from moving freely into and out of a cell?
Definition
The selective permeability of the plasma membrane
Term
What is meant by the term fluid mosiac?
Definition
diverse molecules drift freely among phospholipids, sterols, and maintain the membranes fluidity
Term
What are the types of membrane proteins?
Definition
Transport proteins, enzymes, recognition proteins, adhesion proteins, receptor proteins
Term
What is a endomembrane system?
Definition
consists of several interacting organelles
Term
What is the function of a vesicle?
Definition
it transports materials insid the cell
Term
_____containd DNA that specifies the "recipe" for every proteins a cell can make.
Definition
Nucleus
Term
How does mRNA molecules exit the nucleus?
Definition
Through nuclear pores.
Term
What is the nuclear envelope?
Definition
seperates the nucleus from the cytoplasm
Term
What assembles the components of ribosomes?
Definition
nucleolus
Term
What is the funciton of rough ER?
Definition
protein synthesis
Term
What is the function of smooth ER?
Definition
lipid synthesis
Term
lipids and proteins made by the ER exit the organelle in _______.
Definition
vesicles
Term
What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
Definition
sorts and packages materials into vesicles, which move toward the cell memrbane.
Term
what are lysosomes?
Definition
organelles containing enzymes that dismantle recycled food particles, captured bacteria, worn out organelles, and debris
Term
What are lperoxisomes??
Definition
Contain enzymes that dispose of toxic substances.
Term
What is the function of mitochondria?
Definition
Use cellular respiration to extract needed energy from food.
Term
What is a long rod composed of actin?
Definition
microfilament
Term
What is the function of intermeadiate filaments?
Definition
maintain cells shape and help bind cells together
Term
_______________is composed of a protein called tubulin.
Definition
microtuble
Term
What is a tight junction?
Definition
fuses cells togehter, forming an impermeable barrier between them
Term
_______are short and numerous like a fringe and located in respiratory tract.
Definition
cilia
Term
What junction holds skin cells in place?
Definition
adhering junction
Term
What junction allows the exchange of ions, nutrients, and other small molecules?
Definition
gap junction
Term
What is the function of the extracellular matrix?
Definition
lending support of plasma membrane and assists in communicating between cells.
Term
What do channel proteins and carrier proteins have in common?
Definition
They are both involved in passing molecules through the membrane
Term
What are the channel proteins that allow water to cross a membrane more quickly?
Definition
aquaporins
Term
_____________is a way that large particles can exit or enter a cell.
Definition
Bulk transport
Term
fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane in a process celled______
Definition
exocytosis
Term
What is diffusion?
Definition
the movement of molecules from a higher concentration to a lower concentration until equilibrium is achieved without the use of energy.
Term
What is osmosis?
Definition
The diffusion of sater across a selectively permeable membrane from high to low concentration.
Term
__________is the pressure that develops in a system due to osmosis.
Definition
osmotic pressure
Term
__________is the solution tha thas the same concentration in and out of the cell.
Definition
isotonic
Term
What happens to a cell when put into a hypotonic solution?
Definition
the cell can swell and burst
Term
What happens to a cell when put into a hypertonic solution?
Definition
The cell can shrink
Term
This type of transport does not use energy goes down its concentration gradient and uses carier proteins.
Definition
facilitated transport
Term
During this type of transport molecules or ions move through the plasma membrane moving from low concentration to high concentration
Definition
active transport
Term
What is the difference between passive transport Vs.active transport?
Definition
passive transport does not require oxygen and it moves down its concentration grandient and active transport uses oxygen and moves up its concentration gradient
Term
During_______cells take in substnces by forming veicles around the material.
Definition
endocytosis.
Term
What is phagocytosis?
Definition
material that is taken in by endocytosis that is large.
Term
____________occurs when vesicles form around a liquid or around a liquid or around very small particles.
Definition
pinocytosis
Term
form of pinocytosis that is specific?
Definition
receptor mediated endocytosis
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