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| the diffusion of a substance across a biological membrane, without any input of energy |
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| the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane |
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| process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated |
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| organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy |
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| cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates |
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| stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum |
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| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
| an ER, a eukaryotic organelle made up of a system of membranous tubes and sacs, that is studded with ribosomes on its surface giving it a rough apperance under the microscope |
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| Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Definition
| (A part of) endoplasmic reticulum that is tubular in form and lacks ribosomes, functions include lipid synthesis, carbohydrate metabolism, calcium concentration, drug detoxification, and attachment of receptors on cell membrane proteins |
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| cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use |
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| cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell |
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| network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement |
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| material inside the cell membrane- not including the nucleus |
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| strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacetria |
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| the cell's outer membrane made up of a two layers of phosolipids with embedded proteins, seperates the contents of the cell from its outside environment, and regulates what eneters and exits the cell |
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| specialized structure that performs important cellular functions with a eukaryotic cell |
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| the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons: in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities |
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| organism whose cells contain nuclei |
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| unicellular organism lacking a nucleus |
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| the movement of a substance across a bioogical membrane against its concentration gardient, aided by specific transport proteins and requiring input of energy |
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| an increase or decrease in the density of a chemical substance in an area, cells often maintain concentration gardients of ions across their membranes, when the gradient exists, substances tend to move from where they are more concentarted to where they are less concentrated |
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