Term
| adenosine triphosphate (ATP) |
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Definition
| the high energy chemical compound with three phosphate groups that provides energy for all other cell activities |
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Definition
| the basic building block of all forms of life |
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| the idea of Schleiden and Schwann that the basic unit of life is the cell and that all living organisms are composed of cells |
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| the rigid wall that surrounds the cell membrane of plant cells |
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Definition
| a degree of organism complexity; either unicellular or colonial |
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Definition
| chemical reactions in plants and animals that break down food molecules into energy (ATP) |
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Definition
| a rod-shaped structure on the side of an animal cell nucleus; thought to play a role in the formation of the spindle during cell division |
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Definition
| a green pigment in plants that serves to trap the Sun's energy for photosynthesis |
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Definition
| the tiny body that contains chlorophyll; part of the cell in which photosynthesis takes place |
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Definition
| the part of the cell division that causes the separation of the cytoplasm |
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Definition
| the living substance of a cell, excluding the nucleus |
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Definition
| protein fibers that provide support and shape for the cell |
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Definition
| movement of particles or molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration |
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Definition
| when cells engulf or ingest substances |
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Definition
| a series of tubes in the cytoplasm of a cell that are believed to be used as channels for transporting molecules within the cell |
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Definition
| a protein molecule that is specialized to speed up a specific chemical reaction in biological systems |
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Definition
| a cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and/or organelles as its major characteristic |
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Definition
| when cells expel or get rid of substances from within |
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Definition
| self-regulation mechanisms that send information to appropriate physiological systems so that appropriate adjustments can be made |
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Definition
| whip-like cell extensions that give the cell motility |
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Definition
| a flattened sac within the cytoplasm of the cell; an extension of the endoplasmic reticulum; involved in producing and packaging secretions |
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Definition
| the relatively constant state in the internal environment of an organism |
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Definition
| the relatively constant state in the internal environment of an organism |
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Definition
| a solution that has a higher salt concentration than the salt concentration inside the cells |
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Definition
| a solution that has a lower salt concentration than the salt concentration inside the cells |
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Definition
| a solution with the same salt concentration as the salt concentration inside the cells |
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Definition
| packets within the cell cytoplasm that contain digestive enzymes |
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Definition
| a protein and fat structure serving as a covering and enclosure for cells |
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Definition
| structures within the cell cytoplasm responsible for the production of energy and the storage of energy in ATP |
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Definition
| a control mechanism that inhibits or counteracts an earlier reaction |
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Definition
| small, dark structure within the nucleus of a cell; thought to make r-RNA to construct the ribosomes |
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Definition
| the protoplasmic substance separate from the cytoplasm; the cell headquarters or information center; location of DNA and RNA; contains chromosomes and the nucleolus |
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Definition
| the protoplasmic substance separate from the cytoplasm; the cell headquarters or information center; location of DNA and RNA; contains chromosomes and the nucleolus |
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Definition
| a group of tissues working together as a unit for a particular purpose in the body |
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Definition
| a small structure within the cell that serves specialized functions |
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Definition
| theory that states that the basic unit of life is the organism itself, which may be divided into cells for efficiency |
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Definition
| the diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane |
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Definition
| packets within the cell cytoplasm that contain powerful enzymes |
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Definition
| when cells eat other cells or large substances |
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Definition
| a molecule with polar and nonpolar ends that, along with protein, makes up the plasma membrane |
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Definition
| when cells eat small or dissolved substances |
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Definition
| the semipermeable membrane surrounding human and animal cells; made of phospholipids and proteins |
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Definition
| tiny sacs in the cell that may either contain starch or oils as stored food or a plant pigment |
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Definition
| a molecule that has partial positive and negative charges at each end |
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Definition
| a control mechanism that intensifies or enhances an earlier reaction |
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Definition
| a cell whose nucleus is not bound by a membrane |
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Definition
| a large, complex organic molecule consisting of a large number of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds |
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Definition
| the organic substance making up the cells of all living things |
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Definition
| the ability to clearly distinguish between two objects |
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Definition
| tiny, dot-like bodies in the cytoplasm or on the endoplasmic reticulum; important in protein synthesis |
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Definition
| limiting a cell to a specific function |
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Definition
| the fibers that direct the even distribution of chromosomes to each daughter cell during nuclear division |
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Definition
| a group of organs working together for a common purpose |
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Definition
| a degree of organism complexity; cells arranged into systems |
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Definition
| a group of cells working together to perform a particular task |
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Definition
| a cell storage body that increases in size with age; included within, but not a part of the cytoplasm; often stores water and poisonous by-products of cell activities |
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Definition
| sacs containing protein produced by the endoplasmic reticulum |
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