Term
|
Definition
| small, membrane-enclosed units filled with a concentrated aqueous solution of chemicals and endowed with the extraordinary ability to create copies of themselves by growing and dividing in two. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oxygen, air, sunlight, water, complex mixture of molecules, |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| production of particular substances such as hormones, starch, fats, latex, or pigments, engines, like muscles, burning fuel to do mechanical work; or electricity generators |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| in multicellular organisms there is a division of labor among cells, allowing some cells to become specialized to an extreme degree for particular tasks and leaving them dependent on their fellow cells for many basic requuirements |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells can also exist as indepent organisms, and they are individually living in the sense that they are ablel to reproduce, grow, convert energy from one form into another, respond to their environment, and so on |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells resemble each other in the sense that they share most of their most basic functions and molecules that participate in the same type of chemical reactions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cells reproduce with the duplication of DNA and then dividing into two; making two daughter cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| can create offsrpings that are changed for the worse-less able to survive and reproduce; changed for the better--they are better able to survive and reproduce; or changed neutrally--genetically different, but equally variable |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the process by which living species become gradually modified and adapted to their environment in more and sophisticated ways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
(entire library in of genetic information in the DNA)
provides a genetic program that instructs the cell how to function, and, for plants and animal cells, how to grow into an organism with hundreds of different cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| found in the cell's interior; a transparent membrane crammed with what seems t a jumble of miscellaneous tiny objects. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separate, recognizable structures that are only hazily defined under the light microscope |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| structural make-up of bacteria |
|
Definition
| bacteria are typically spherical, rodlike, or corkscrew-shaped, and small--just a few micrometers long. they often have a protective coat, called a cell wall, surrounding the cell membrane, which encloses a single compartment containing the cytoplasm and the DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
aerobic--use oxygen to oxidize food molecules
anaerobic--resist oxygen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the organelles taht generate energy for eukaryotic cell |
|
|
Term
| Prokaryotic energy demand |
|
Definition
| .can live entirely on in organic compounds; receive carbon from the atmosphere, nitrogen from atmosphere, and oxygen, hydrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous from the air, water and inorganic minerals. Some perform photosynthesis; while other derive energy from the chemical reactivity og inogranic substances in the environment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
.bigger
.some live independently as single-celled organism; such as ameoba abd yeasts. others live as multi-cellular organisms--plants, animals, and fungi |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most prominent organelle. enclosed in two membranes that formed the nuclear envelope and it contains the molecules of DNA |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| generators of chemical energy for the cell. they harness the energy from the oxidation of food molecules, such as sugars, to produce ATP, which is the basic chemical fuel that powers most of the cell's activities. Because the mitochondrion consumes oxygen and releases carbon dioxide, the entire process is called cellular respiration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| green organelles that are found only in cells of plants and algae, not in cells of animals or fungi. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an irregular size maze of interconnected spaces enclosed by a folded membrane--is the site at which most cell membrane components, as well as materials destined for export from the cell, are made |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receives and modifies chemically the molecules made in the ER, and then directs them to the exterior of the cell or to various other locations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small, irregularly shaped organelles in which intracellular digestions occurs, releasing nutrients from food particles and breaking down unwanted molecules for recycling or excretion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small, membrane-enclosed vesicles that provide a contained environment for reactions in which hydrogen peroxide is generated and degraded |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the tiny molecular machine that make protein molecules |
|
|
