• Conservation of energy

• Energy is neither created nor destroyed but transfered from one form to another

• Physical systems tend to proceed toward a state of greater disorder or randomness 

• The increase in disorder

• Motion 

• Stored 

• Potential energy stored in chemical bonds that releases kinetic energy when broken

• Disorder increases as energy is dissipated in a closed structure but living organisms are open so their ordiliness will increase with development 

• Cells release free energy when the product of a reaction contains less free energy than the reactant 

• Cells require energy because the products store more energy than the reactants

• Negative because the process is "downhill"

• Chemical bonds must be destabilized 

• Required to stress bonds before they break 

• The required energy to push the ball up the hill is activation energy
• As the ball spontaneously rolls down the other side an exergonic reaction occurs

• Increase the rate of molecular collisions and disrupts chemical bonds

• Metablic reactions must occur at biologically tolerable temperatures 

• Chemical substances that accelerate reaction rates without affecting the products of the reasction and without being altered or destroyed by the reaction 

• Catalysts

Enzymes

• Catalysts of the living world 
• Reduces the amount of activation energy required for a reaction 

• Lower the activation energy barrier so they only effect the rate
• DO NOT alter the free energy change of a reaction or the proportions of reactants and products in a reaction 

• Sythesize internal structure
• Control activity 
• Guard boundaries

• highly specific in terms of what they act upon and what they do.

• The chemical reactant acted upon by an enzyme

• A non-protein enzyme that aid in enzyme function

• Organic, Contain groups derived from vitamins

• The substrate is secured by covalent bonds to one or more points in the active site of the enzyme 

WHAT DOES A DOUBLE ARROW BETWEEN SUBSTRATE AND PRODUCTS REPRESENT

• Ejnzyme-Catalyzed reaction
• These are reversable 

• The sum total of synthesis reaction( A chemical reaction in which new bonds are formed) exhibited by an organism.

• The sum total of decomposition reactions(A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken)