Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| substances that give energy and materials to the organisms |
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Term
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Definition
all the life processes that take place
in the cell; includes energy-using and energy-
creating processes |
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Term
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Definition
any change in an organism’s
environment (plural stimuli) |
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Definition
| organism’s reaction to a stimulus |
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Term
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Definition
parts of an organism that perform
specific tasks |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
group of tissues that work together to
perform a specific function |
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Term
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Definition
group of organs that work together
to perform a certain task, such as digestion or
breathing |
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Term
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Definition
tiny blood vessels that connect
arteries to veins; one cell layer thick and
extremely narrow |
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Term
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Definition
optical device used for viewing very
small objects; has at least two lenses: the
objective lens and the eyepiece lens |
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Term
| Compound Light Microscope |
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Definition
microscope that has
two or more lenses and has a light source |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
group of similar cells working together to
perform a specific function |
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Term
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Definition
thin structure that encloses all
the contents of plant and animal cells; has tiny
openings that allow particles of some substances,
but not others, to pass through |
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Term
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Definition
outer covering of a cell that provides
strength and support; found only in plant cells |
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Term
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Definition
contents of the cell inside the cell
membrane excluding the nucleus; contains
nutrients the cell needs to survive |
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Term
| Nucleustype of microscopic organisms |
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Definition
organelle that directs all the activities in
a cell |
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Term
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Definition
organelles that store water and other
substances required by the cell |
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Term
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Definition
structures in cells that perform a
certain function |
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Term
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Definition
organelles that convert energy the
cell receives into a form it can use (singular
mitochondrion) |
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Term
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Definition
organelles that convert sunlight into
food; found only in some plant cells |
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Term
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Definition
| type of microscopic organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| made of more than one cell |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
usually unicellular organisms
that can be seen only through a microscope |
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Definition
| a single-celled animal that catches food and moves about by extending fingerlike projections of protoplasm. Amoebas are either free-living in damp environments or parasitic. |
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Term
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Definition
foot-like projections on an amoeba;
used for movement and capturing food |
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Term
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Definition
| a single-celled freshwater animal that has a characteristic slipperlike shape and is covered with cilia |
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Term
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Definition
hair-like extensions that protrude from the
surface of some unicellular organisms and from
some cells in multicellular organisms |
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Term
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Definition
the movement of particles of a
substance from an area of higher concentration to
an area of lower concentration |
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Term
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Definition
describes a membrane
with very small openings that allow particles of
some substances, but not others, to pass through |
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Term
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Definition
a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one, thus equalizing the concentrations on each side of the membrane.
2. |
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Term
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Definition
cells that have specific
structures that help them to perform particular
functions |
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Term
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Definition
small, pliable cells that have no
nucleus and are specialized for carrying oxygen
to all the cells of the body |
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Term
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Definition
type of connective tissue found in the
bones that produces red blood cells |
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Term
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Definition
physical breakdown of
food into small particles |
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Term
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Definition
breakdown of large food
particles into smaller particles by enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
substance created by the body to carry
out chemical digestion |
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Term
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Definition
peristalsis wave-like muscle contractions along
the digestive system |
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Term
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Definition
liquid in stomach made of mucus,
hydrochloric acid, enzymes, and water;
chemically digests food |
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Term
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Definition
villi small finger-like projections on the inner
surface of the small intestine that absorb
nutrients (singular villus) |
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Term
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Definition
finger-like projections on the cells that
line the villi (singular microvillus) |
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Term
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Definition
large muscle below the lungs that
helps move air in and out of the lungs; part that
changes the size of a camera’s aperture; it varies
the amount of light that reaches the film |
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Term
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Definition
two main branches of the trachea that
lead into the lungs (singular bronchus) |
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Term
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Definition
tubes that connect the bronchi to the
air sacs in the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
tiny air-filled sacs in the lungs; the site of
gas exchange (singular alveolus) |
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Term
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Definition
upper chambers of the heart that receive
blood from the body and lungs (singular atrium) |
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Term
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Definition
lower chambers of the heart that pump
blood to the body |
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Term
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Definition
thick-walled blood vessels that take
blood away from the heart to the rest of the body |
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Term
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Definition
blood vessels that return blood from the
body to the heart; have valves |
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Term
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Definition
blood cells specialized to fight
infection |
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Term
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Definition
cell fragments in the blood that help
stop bleeding at cuts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
poisonous substance converted from highly
toxic ammonia by the liver |
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Term
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Definition
filtering units of the kidney that
remove wastes from the blood and produce urine |
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Term
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Definition
removal of waste products from the
blood using a machine that functions as a kidney |
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Term
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Definition
tissue of the brain, spinal chord,
and nerves |
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Term
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Definition
specialized cells of the nervous system
that receive and transmit information |
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Term
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Definition
small branches of a neuron that receive
information from neighbouring cells |
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Term
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Definition
long extension of a neuron’s cell body that
transmits information to neighbouring cells |
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Term
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Definition
division of the nervous
system composed of the brain and spinal chord |
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Term
| Peripheral Nervous System |
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Definition
division of the
nervous system composed of the cranial and
spinal nerves |
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Term
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Definition
cells that carry information
from the body to the central nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
carry information from the central
nervous system to the muscles or other organs |
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Term
| 66. Somatic Nervous System |
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Definition
division of the
peripheral nervous system that controls
voluntary responses |
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Term
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Definition
division of the
peripheral nervous system that controls
automatic responses in the body, such as heart
rate |
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Term
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Definition
neurons in the central nervous
system that connect sensory neurons to motor
neurons |
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Term
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Definition
automatic response to a stimulus; happens
very quickly and without conscious control |
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Term
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Definition
disease that produces a rash and high
fever and can cause blindness and death; the first
disease to be controlled by a vaccine |
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Term
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Definition
substance that is taken by or injected
into an animal or person to produce an immunity
to a disease; usually prepared from a mild form
of the disease |
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Term
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Definition
dark sticky substance formed when tobacco
burns |
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Term
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Definition
colourless, odourless gas that
is released when a cigarette burns |
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Term
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Definition
addictive drug found in cigarettes that
speeds up the heart and raises blood pressure |
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Term
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Definition
disease in which mucus builds up in
the bronchi and causes them to become narrower |
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Term
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Definition
disease that causes damage to lung
tissue, causing shortness of breath |
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Term
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Definition
growth of tumours, which take up
space in the lungs, making breathing difficult |
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Term
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Definition
cholesterol build-up on the walls
of arteries |
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Term
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Definition
painful sores on the stomach lining often
caused by the micro-organism H. pylori |
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