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Cells and Heredity Chapter 2
Cell Processes and Energy
18
Science
7th Grade
07/17/2011

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Term
Photosynthesis
Definition
the process by which plants and some other organisms capture the energy in sunlight and use it to make food
Term
Autotroph
Definition
an organism that makes its own food
Term
Heterotroph
Definition
an organism that cannot make its own food
Term
Pigment
Definition
a colored chemical compound that absorbs light
Term
Chlorophyll
Definition
a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae, and some bacteria
Term
Stomata
Definition
small openings on the underside of a leaf through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move
Term
Respiration
Definition
the process by which cells break down simple food molecules to release the energy they contain
Term
Fermentation
Definition
the process by which cells break down molecules to release energy without using oxygen
Term
Cell Cycle
Definition
the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo
Term
Interphase
Definition
the stage of the cell cycle that takes place before cell division occurs
Term
Replication
Definition
the process by which a cell makes a copy of the DNA in its nucleus
Term
Mitosis
Definition
the stage of the cell cycle during which the cell's nucleus divides into two new nuclei and one copy of the DNA is distributed into each daughter cell
Term
Chromosome
Definition
a doubled rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information
Term
Cytokinesis
Definition
the final stage of the cell cycle, in which the cell's cytoplasm divides, distributing the organelles into each of the two new cells
Term
Cancer
Definition
a disease in which some body cells grow and divide uncontrollably, damaging the parts of the body around them
Term
Mutation
Definition
a change in a gene or chromosome
Term
Tumor
Definition
a mass of abnormal cells that develops when cancerous cells divide and grow uncontrollably
Term
Chemotherapy
Definition
the use of drugs to treat diseases such as cancer
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